Answer is given below :
Explanation:
Innovation is part of the business and should be successful in the long run. If the business is not innovative it will one day fail and stop making a profit. example shows that it was the number one mobile phone in 2000 but it failed for a long time because it did not change the dynamic market and did not adopt the Android operating system.There are three strategies to promote creativity and innovation in small business: -A business should focus not only on the product, but also on the process, delivery and customer service of the product.A business must always come up with new ideas to survive in the market, which will reduce costs and improve production.A business must constantly monitor the current dynamic environment in the business world and adapt to market conditions and change business on time if necessary.Soft Lumber has bonds, preferred stock and common stock as its capital components. _____________ is the right most apt to be granted to its preferred shareholders.
Answer: right to share in company profits prior to other shareholders
Explanation:
The preferred shareholders are paid their dividends before dividends are paid to other common shareholders. The preferred stock also gives no voting rights to the shareholders.
Preferred shareholders are known to have priority over the income of a company right to share in company profits prior to other shareholders.
Suppose you buy some stock in the Alpha Corporation at a price of $45.95 per share. 410 days later you sell the stock for $48.27. During this period you received a per share dividend of $1.20. What is your annualized return on this investment
Answer: 6.79%
Explanation:
The holding period return is:
= (Current price - Cost price + Dividend) / Cost price
= (48.27 - 45.95 + 1.20) / 45.95
= 7.66%
The annualized return is:
= ( ( 1 + holding period return) ^ number of days in a year/ number of days stock was held - 1)
= ( ( 1 + 7.66%) ³⁶⁵ / ⁴¹⁰ - 1)
= 6.79%
which of the following would be included in the set of electrical plans for individual residence?
A. Individual romex cables
B. Power panels to be installed
C. routes of cables
D. Wire sizes
Answer:
A. Individual romex cables
Explanation:
Individual romex cables would be included in the set of electrical plans for individual residence.
This is because they are a non-metallic sheathed cables, and they are flexible electrical cables which are popularly used in residential setups.
This cable comes with two insulated wires that include a ground copper wire that ensures safe passage of electrical current in case of any unfortunate event.
what is the meaning of want
Answer:
Want is to desire something or to yearn. (EX. I want an ice cream.) Want is showing that you would like something basically
Explanation:
Analysis of a foreign subsidiary's financial statements denominated in Euro, its local currency, shows a growth rate in revenue of 16%. Suppose that during the year, the value of the Euro increased in terms U.S. dollars. The subsidiary's revenue growth rate expressed in U.S. dollars will be:
Answer:
The appropriate answer is "Greater than 16%".
Explanation:
Throughout this situation, the country's currency of companies has shown a 16 percent raise, which means that the sales of the subsidiaries would increase more than 16 percent whenever represented among Us dollars.As several currencies are increasing inside this valuation of the national currency, the transformation rate is greater than 16% as that the incidence increases.A certificate of deposit usually has: Multiple Choice a variable rate of return. no minimum deposit amount. no set time period. a penalty for early withdrawal of funds. earnings based on fluctuating market interest rates.
Answer:
A certificate of deposit usually has:
a penalty for early withdrawal of funds.
Explanation:
When a customer opens an account with a bank or credit union with an initial deposit, which remains the same or continues to increase at a fixed amount until the agreed maturity period, a certificate of deposit is issued to the customer. The customer does not withdraw any amount until the fixed period has elapsed. Thereafter, the customer receives a fixed interest plus the deposit.
When you retire, you wish to have $3 million in your retirement account. You decided to add $2,000 every quarter to your retirement account and invest to generate annualized return of 8% from your investment, how many years do you think it will take to have $3 million in the account
Answer:
43.35 years
Explanation:
Use the following formula to determine the number of years
Future Value of Annuity = Periodic Annuity x ( 1 + Periodic Interest rate )^numbers of periods ) - 1 / Periodic Interest rate
Where
Future Value of Annuity = $3 million = $3,000,000
Periodic Annuity = $2,000 per quarter
Periodic Interest rate = Interest rate x Quarterly fraction = 8% x 3/12 = 2%
Numbers of periods = n = ?
Placing values in the formula
$3,000,000 = $2,000 x ( 1 + 2% )^n ) - 1 / 2%
$3,000,000 / $2,000 = ( 1 + 2% )^n ) - 1 / 2%
1,500 = ( 1.02 )^n ) - 1 / 2%
1,500 x 2% = ( 1.02 )^n ) - 1
30 = ( 1.02 )^n ) - 1
30 + 1 = 1.02^n
31 = 1.02^n
Log 31 = n log 1.02
n = Log 31 / Log1.02
n = 173.41
Now calculat ethe nUmbers of years as follow
Numbers of years = n x 3/12
Numbers of years = 173.41 x 3/12
Numbers of years = 43.35 years
Question 3
Rank the following assets of a commercial bank in order of decreasing liquidity.
(a) Market loans
(b) Reserves with the Bank of Ghana
(c) Cash
(d) Personal loans
(e) Sale and repurchase agreements (repos)
(f) Mortgages
(g) Government bonds (of from one to five years to maturity)
Answer:
Reserves with the Bank of Ghana
Explanation:
I could be wrong let me know if its correct or incorrect
a)What are the expected returns and standard deviations of a portfolio consisting of:1.100 percent in stock A
Answer:
12%
1.00
Explanation:
Note that the expected return on stock A which is 12% is missing from the question as well as the standard deviation of A which is 1.00
The expected return from stock A with 100% of funds(total amount of investment) invested in stock A is the percentage invested in A multiplied by the expected return of stock A shown thus:
expected return=100%*12%
portfolio expected return=12%
portfolio standard deviation(if 100% invested in A)=1.00*100%
Use the starting balance sheet and the list of changes to create an updated balance sheet and to answer the question.
Valley Technology Balance Sheet As of December 31, 2020 (amounts in thousands)
Cash 2,200 Liabilities 3,600
Other Assets 2,800 Equity 1,400
Total Assets 5,000 Total Liabilities 5,000
Between January 1 and March 31, 2021:
1. Cash decreases by $200,000
2. Liabilities decrease by $100,000
3. Equity increases by $400,000
What is the value for Other Assets on March 31, 2021?
Answer: $3,300,000
Explanation:
Accounting formula:
Assets = Equity + Liabilities
Total equity and liabilities on March 31 is:
= Beginning balance - decrease in liabilities + Increase in Equity
= 5,000,000 - 100,000 + 400,000
= $5,300,000
Assets therefore has to be $5,300,000 on the same date.
Assets = New cash balance + Other assets
5,300,000 = (2,200,000 - 200,000) + Other assets
Other assets = 5,300,000 - 2,000,000
= $3,300,000
At the beginning of the year, your company borrows $33,600 by signing a six-year promissory note that states an annual interest rate of 9% plus principal repayments of $5,600 each year. Interest is paid at the end of the second and fourth quarters, whereas principal payments are due at the end of each year. How does this new promissory note affect the current and non-current liability amounts reported on the classified balance sheet prepared at the end of the first quarter
Answer:
Current liabilities Increase by $6356
Non-current liabilities Increase by $27,244
Explanation:
Calculation to determine How does this new promissory note affect the current and non-current liability amounts reported on the classified balance sheet prepared at the end of the first quarter
First step is calculate the Interest Payable using this formula
Interest Payable = Principal × Interest rate × Time
Let plug in the formula
Interest Payable= $33600 × 0.09 × 3/12
Interest Payable= $756
Now let determine the current and non-current liability amounts
Current liabilities = Interest payable + Current portion of long-term debt
Current liabilities= $756 + $5600
Current liabilities= $6356
Non-current liability = Amount of promissory note - Current portion of long-term debt
Non-current liability= $33600 - $6356
Non-current liability= $27,244
Therefore How does this new promissory note affect the current and non-current liability amounts reported on the classified balance sheet prepared at the end of the first quarter is:
Current liabilities Increase by $6356
Non-current liabilities Increase by $27,244
write a few sentences describing a situation where you (or someone you know) has used their problem solving skill or agility skill to increase their human capital in order to get a better job or earn more income.
Answer:
Increase human capital
Explanation:
In order to increase my own worth, I provide a perspective that others are apprehensive to commit to. This perspective is that of complete honesty, 100% of the time. I own my mistakes, I celebrate my successes and I am humble to the lessons of others and my own.
The capacity to identify, evaluate, comprehend, and effectively solve an issue. It is a set of abilities that includes listening, creativity, innovation, and analytical prowess, among other things. It is a very valuable and difficult skill in the business world.
When employers discuss problem-solving abilities, they frequently refer to the capacity to manage challenging or unforeseen circumstances at work as well as intricate commercial difficulties. Organizations depend on individuals who can objectively evaluate both types of events and calmly pinpoint solutions. These are qualities that give you the ability to achieve it.
Learn more about ability, here;
https://brainly.com/question/34078883
#SPJ4
By appropriately preparing a forecast budget, a company can avoid __________. a net loss inventory shortages insolvency regulation
Answer:
insolvency
Explanation:
A budget is a financial plan used for the estimation of revenue and expenditures of an individual, organization or government for a specified period of time, often one year. Budgets are usually compiled, analyzed and re-evaluated on periodic basis.
The first step of the budgeting process is to prepare a list of each type of income and expense that will be part of the budget.
The benefits of having a budget is that it aids in setting goals, earmarking revenues and resources, measuring outcomes and planning against contingencies.
A specialized budget can be defined as a financial plan that is typically focused on specific assets or activity of a master (comprehensive) budget.
In conclusion, by appropriately preparing a forecast budget, a company can avoid insolvency.
Suppose you borrow $9,875 and then repay the loan by making 12 monthly payments of $863.58 each. What is the effective annual rate (EAR) you are paying
Answer:
9.38%
Explanation:
PV = $9,875
PMT = $863.58
NPER = 12
Using the MS Rate Function to derive the Periodic rate
Periodic rate = Rate(NPER, -PMT, PV)
Periodic rate = Rate(12, -863.58, 9,875)
Periodic rate = 0.0075
Periodic rate = 0.75%
Nominal rate = Periodic rate * NPER
Nominal rate = 0.75% * 12
Nominal rate = 9%
Using the MS Effect Function to derive the effective annual rate (EAR)
Nominal rate = 9%
NPER = 12
Effective annual rate (EAR) = Effect(Nominal rate, NPER)
Effective annual rate (EAR) = Effect(9%, 12)
Effective annual rate (EAR) = 0.0938
Effective annual rate (EAR) = 9.38%
So, the the effective annual rate (EAR) you are paying is 9.38%.
Portal Manufacturing has total fixed costs of $520,000. A unit of product sells for $15 and variable costs per unit are $11. a) At a minimum, how many units must Portal sell in order not to incur a loss?b) Prepare a contribution margin income statement showing predicted net income (loss) if Portal sells 100,000 units for the year ended December 31.
At a bare minimum, the units must portal sold in order not to incur a loss of 130,000 units.
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable costs per unit
= $15 - $11
= $4
Break-even sales = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
= $520,000 / $4
= $130,000
Sales (130,000 units * $15) $1,950,000
Variable costs (130,000 units * $11) ($1,430,000)
Contribution margin $520,000
Fixed costs ($520,000)
Net income $0
What is the Contribution margin per unit?The asking price of 1 unit of the product less the variable producing expenses is that the contribution margin per unit. the quantity that every sale contributes toward covering mounted prices is understood because of the unit contribution margin. it'll show the profit per unit oversubscribed when the mounted prices are paid.
Revenue less variable prices equal contribution margin. The formula for conniving the contribution margin magnitude relation is revenue - variable prices / by revenue.
The nearer the contribution margin is to 100 percent, the better; 100 percent is that the ideal contribution margin. The larger the quantity, the lot effectively a business pays its operational expenses out of money existing.
Selling price per unit less variable price per unit equals contribution margin, usually called dollar contribution per unit. the quantity of sales revenue stated as "Contribution" is the fraction that's not accustomed pay variable prices and thus helps to hide mounted prices.
Learn more about the Contribution margin per unit here:
https://brainly.com/question/14950546
#SPJ5
Tri-County G&T sells 145,000 MWh per year of electrical power to Boulder at $ per MWh, has fixed costs of $ million per year, and has variable costs of $ per MWh. If Tri-County has MWh of demand from its customers (other than Boulder), what will Tri-County have to charge to break even?
Answer:
$105.85
Explanation:
Given that :
Fixed cost = $83.1 million
Variable cost = $30 / MWh
Number of demand, $1,000,000 MWh
Variable cost to other customers =[(1,000,000 + 145000) * $30) = $34350000
To break even :
Total Cost = Total revenue
(fixed Cost + variable cost) = total revenue
Let amount per MWh required to break even = x (amount sold to other customers)
(83100000 + 34350000) = (145000*80 + 1000000x)
117450000 = 11600000 + 1000000x
117450000 - 11600000 = 1000000x
105850000 = 1000000x
x = 105850000 / 1000000
x = $105.85
All of the following are symptoms of organizations struggling with strategy disconnect and unclear priorities EXCEPT Multiple Choice inadequate resources. people are working on multiple projects and feel inefficient. frequent conflicts between managers. confused employees regarding which projects are more important. not enough projects within the portfolio to make a profit.
Answer:
All of the following are symptoms of organizations struggling with strategy disconnect and unclear priorities EXCEPT
not enough projects within the portfolio to make a profit.
Explanation:
Strategy disconnect does not support an organization to be consistent in its actions at every level. However, where the strategy is shared across board, there is an integrated and coordinated attempt at long-term planning with the organization positioned to exceed the needs of its customers and to achieve success. With strategy connect, the organization responds well to changes in its external environment and is able to allocate scarce resources for the improvement of its competitive position.
On July 1, Hanson Corporation issued 10 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for cash of $1,000 per share. Write down the necessary journal entry.
Answer:
Debit Cash 10,000
Credit Preferred stock 1000
Credit Paid in capital in excess of par value 9,000
Explanation:
Preparation of the necessary journal entry
July 1
Debit Cash 10,000
($10*1,000)
Credit Preferred stock 1000
Credit Paid in capital in excess of par value 9,000
($10,000-$1,000)
Answer:
Explanation:
Answer:
Debit Cash 10,000
Credit Preferred stock 1000
Credit Paid in capital in excess of par value 9,000
Explanation:
Preparation of the necessary journal entry
July 1
Debit Cash 10,000
($10*1,000)
Credit Preferred stock 1000
Credit Paid in capital in excess of par value 9,000
($10,000-$1,000)
Strait Co. manufactures office furniture. During the most productive month of the year, 3,200 desks were manufactured at a total cost of $82,800. In the month of lowest production, the company made 1,290 desks at a cost of $64,900. Using the high-low method of cost estimation, total fixed costs are a.$52,816 b.$82,800 c.$64,900 d.$17,900
Answer:
a.$52,816
Explanation:
Calculation to determine total fixed costs
First step
Variable cost per unit = (Highest activity cost - Lowest activity cost)/(Highest activity - Lowest activity)
Variable cost per unit= ( 82,800-64,900)/(3,200-1,290)
Variable cost per unit= 17,900/1910
Variable cost per unit= $9.37 per unit
Now let determine the Fixed cost
Fixed cost = Highest activity cost - Highest activity x Variable cost per hour
Fixed cost= $82,800 - 3,200 x 9.37
Fixed cost= $82,800-$29,984
Fixed cost= $52,816
Therefore Using the high-low method of cost estimation, total fixed costs are $52,816
You decide to buy 1,800 shares of stock at a price of $68 and an initial margin of 75 percent. What is the maximum percentage decline in the stock price before you will receive a margin call if the maintenance margin is 30 percent
Answer:
Decline percentage = 64.29%
Explanation:
First find the margin call price = Initial price x (1 - initial margin) / (1-maintenance margin)
Margin call price = 68 x ( 1- 75%) / (1 - 30%)
Margin call price = $24.29
The margin call that the investor will have if the price fall to $24.29.
Now find the percentage decline:
Percentage decline = (68 - 24.29) / 68
Percentage decline = 0.6429
Thus decline percentage = 64.29%
Trident Manufacturing Company's treasurer identified the following cash flows during this year as significant. It had repaid existing debt to the tune of $425,110, while raising additional debt capital of $750,000. It also repurchased stock in the open markets for a total of $63,250. It paid $233,144 in dividends to its shareholders. What is the net cash provided (used) by financing activities?
Answer:
$28,496
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the net cash provided (used) by financing activities
Cash inflows from financing activities $750,000
Less Cash outflows from financing activities ($721,504)
($425,110 + $63,250 + $233,144)
Net cash flows from financing activities $28,496
($750,000 – $721,504)
Therefore the net cash provided (used) by financing activities is $28,496
Kohl Co. provides warranties for many of its products. The January 1, 2013, balance of the Estimated Warranty Liability account was $54,088. Based on an analysis of warranty claims during the past several years, this year's warranty provision was established at 0.60% of sales. During 2013, the actual cost of servicing products under warranty was $39,922, and sales were $2,149,100. Required: a. What amount of Warranty Expense will appear on Kohl Co.'s income statement for the year ended December 31, 2013
Answer: $12,894.60
Explanation:
Warranty expense for 2013 will be calculated as:
= Actual warranty expense * Estimated warranty expense %
Actual warranty expense = Sales because these are the products under warranty.
Warranty expense is therefore:
= 2,149,100 * 0.60%
= $12,894.60
On January 1, 20Y2, Hebron Company issued a $175,000, five-year, 8% installment note to Ventsam Bank. The note requires annual payments of $43,830, beginning on December 31, 20Y2.Journalize the entries to record the following:
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entries are shown below:
1. Cash Dr $175,000
To note payable $175,000
(being note payable is issued)
2. Interest expense Dr (8% of $175,000) $14,000
To interest payable $14,000
(being interest expense is recorded)
3. Interest payable $14,000
Note payable $29,830
To cash $43,830
(being cash paid is recorded)
4. Interest expense $6,253
To interest payable $6,253
(being interest expense is recorded)
5. Interest payable $6,253
Note payable $37,577
To cash $43,830
(being cash paid is recorded)
A(n) ______ is a network that links the intranets of business partners via the Internet in such a way that the result is a virtually private network.a. intranet b. browser c. extranet
Answer:
c. extranet
Explanation:
The controlled, and the private network that permits the third-party partners in order to received the information that related to the particualr company and also it can be done without any access for an overall network of an organization
So as per the given situation, it is an extranet
Hence, the same is to be considered
Why was Circuit City so successful as to be fea- tured in Good to Great? What was its strategic position during its successful period? How did it contribute to competitive advantage?
Answer:
Circuit city was the second largest multinational U.S elctronic retailer. Founded in 1949 and it has 567 circuit superstores around the world. McCollough was the CEO who has an experience of 13 years. Because of his experienece in marketing and store management, he could serve the company as a genral manager.
McCollough implimented several strategies in order to gain the brand image for the company.
They have used five S's stratergies which includes selection, saving, service, satisfaction and speed
Explanation:
Several other reasons for calling circuit city successful as Good to Great are as follows,
The company has a point-of-point scale and also inventory-tracking technology to have control on secured cash transactions and consistent systems
The company is able to provide a quit response for timely chnaging trends and adapt to the dynamic environment in the market
They have avoided unneccessary business practices and neglected several unnessary competencies in the market
At the beginning of the recent period, there were 960 units of product in a department, 35% completed. These units were finished and an additional 5,200 units were started and completed during the period. 880 units were still in process at the end of the period, 25% completed. Using the weighted average method, the equivalent units produced by the department were:
Answer:
Using the weighted average method, the equivalent units produced by the department were:
= 5,500 units.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Units Conversion
Beginning inventory 960 35%
Additional units started 5,200
Units available 6,160
Ending inventory 880
Units completed 5,280
Equivalent units of production:
Units completed 5,280 5,280 (100%)
Ending inventory 880 220 (25%)
Equivalent units of production 5,500
Consider the following information for Maynor Company, which uses a periodic inventory system: Transaction Units Unit Cost Total Cost January 1 Beginning Inventory 21 $ 71 $ 1,491 March 28 Purchase 31 77 2,387 August 22 Purchase 42 81 3,402 October 14 Purchase 47 87 4,089 Goods Available for Sale 141 $ 11,369 The company sold 47 units on May 1 and 42 units on October 28. Required: Calculate the company's ending inventory and cost of goods sold using the each of following inventory costing methods. FIFO LIFO Weighted Average
Answer:
FIFO LIFO WEIGHTED AVERAGE
Ending inventory 4494 3878 4193
Cost of Goods Sold 6875 7491 7176
Explanation:
STATEMENT SHOWING INVENTORY RECORD UNDER PERIODIC FIFO
RECIEPTS COST OF GOODS SOLD BALANCE
DATE UNITS RATE AMOUNT $ UNITS RATE AMOUNT $ UNITS RATE AMOUNT $
balance 21 71 1491 21 71 1491
Purchasse
28-Mar 31 77 2387 31 77 2387
22-Aug 42 81 3402 37 81 2997 5 81 405
14-Oct 47 87 4089 47 87 4089
TOTAL 141 11369 89 6875 52 4494
STATEMENT SHOWING INVENTORY RECORD UNDER PERIODIC LIFO
RECIEPTS COST OF GOODS SOLD BALANCE
DATE UNITS RATE AMOUNT $ UNITS RATE AMOUNT $ UNITS RATE AMOUNT $
balance 21 71 1491 21 71 1491
Purchasse
28-Mar 31 77 2387 31 77 2387
22-Aug 42 81 3402 42 81 3402
14-Oct 47 87 4089 47 87 4089
TOTAL 141 11369 89 7491 52 3878
STATEMENT SHOWING INVENTORY RECORD UNDER PERIODIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE
RECIEPTS COST OF GOODS SOLD BALANCE
DATE UNITS RATE AMOUNT $ UNITS RATE AMOUNT $ UNITS RATE AMOUNT $
balance 21 71 1491
Purchasse
28-Mar 31 77 2387
22-Aug 42 81 3402
14-Oct 47 87 4089
TOTAL 141 80.63 11369 89 80.63 7176 52 80.63 4193
The cost of direct materials transferred into the Filling Department of Eve Cosmetics Company is $91,050. The conversion cost for the period in the Filling Department is $497,860. The total equivalent units for direct materials and conversion are 60,700 ounces and 68,200 ounces, respectively. Determine the direct materials and conversion costs per equivalent unit. If required, round to the nearest cent. Direct materials cost per equivalent unit: $fill in the blank 1 per ounce Conversion costs per equivalent unit: $fill in the blank 2 per ounce
Answer:
Cost of Direct material per unit = $1.50 per unitCost of Conversion = $7.30 per unitExplanation:
Cost of Direct material per unit is:
= Total cost of direct material / Total equivalent units for direct materials
= 91,050 / 60,700
= $1.50 per unit
Cost of conversion
= Total cost of Conversion / Total equivalent units for Conversion
= 497,860 / 68,200
= $7.30 per unit
Swift Motor Lines has a delivery truck that cost $11,000, and has $1,000 of accumulated depreciation. What is the fair market value of the truck
Answer: Information is not sufficient to answer.
Explanation:
The fair market value of a fixed asset is the current value in the market of the fixed asset. Given that we do not know the current market value as it is not given in the question, we are unable to answer this question.
If the question had asked to calculate the net book value then we would have simply subtracted the accumulated depreciation from the cost price but this is a fair market value question so its different.
Somerset Computer Company has been purchasing carrying cases for its portable computers at a purchase price of $62 per unit. The company, which is currently operating below full capacity, charges factory overhead to production at the rate of 45% of direct labor cost. The unit costs to produce comparable carrying cases are expected to be as follows:
Direct materials $8.00
Direct labor 12.00
Factory overhead (40% of direct labor) 4.80
Total cost per unit $24.80
If Somerset Computer Company manufactures the carrying cases, fixed factory overhead costs will not increase and variable factory overhead costs associated with the cases are expected to be 25% of the direct labor costs.
Required:
Prepare a differential analysis dated April 30 to determine whether the company should make (Alternative 1) or buy (Alternative 2) the carrying case.
Answer:
Somerset Computer Company
Differential Analysis dated April 30:
Make Buy
Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Difference
Variable cost per unit $23.00 $62.00 $39.00
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Purchase price per portable computer carrying case = $62
Unit cost of production:
Direct materials $8.00
Direct labor 12.00
Factory overhead (40% of direct labor) 4.80
Total cost per unit $24.80
Unit cost of production, with overhead broken into fixed and variable:
Direct materials $8.00
Direct labor 12.00
Factory overhead
Fixed overhead 1.80
Variable overhead 3.00
Total cost per unit $24.80
b) With a net gain of $39 per unit, the company should make the unit (Alternative 1) instead of buying it (Alternative 2).