Colligative qualities include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction. Color and density are non-colligative qualities.
Colligative qualities are those that rely on the number of particles of solute rather than the composition of the solute.
An example of a colligative property:
Reduced vapor pressure
Boiling point at an elevation
a drop in the freezing point
The osmotic pressure
Non-colligative qualities are those that are determined by the nature of the solute and solvent.
Non-colligative qualities include:
Viscosity
The surface tension
Density
Solubility
As a result, we may deduce that boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction are all colligative qualities. Color and density are also non-colligative qualities.
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a chemist reacted 0.20 moles 4-aminophenol (109.13 g/mol) with 0.25 moles of acetic anhydride (102.09 g/mol) to synthesize acetaminophen. if 22 g acetaminophen (151.163 g/mol) was generated, what was the percent yield of the reaction? (only type the number, not the percent sign)
If 22 g acetaminophen (151.163 g/mol) was generated. The percent yield of the reaction is 72.78 %.
Calculation :
C₆H₇NO + C₄H₆O₃ --> C₃H₉NO₂ + C₂H₄O₂
0.20 moles 0.25 moles 22g
limiting reagrnt --> C₆H₇NO
from reaction equation
.20 mol of acetaminophen = .20*151.163 = 30.23 g
% yield = (practical/ theoritical)yield* 100 = 72.78 %
reaction yield. The reaction yield (absolute yield) of a chemical reaction is the amount of pure, dry product recovered from the reaction. Relative yield or percent yield (%) is commonly calculated to measure the efficiency of chemical reactions in organic synthesis.
Yield, also called reaction yield, is a measure of the molar amount of product to reactant consumed in a chemical reaction, usually expressed as a percentage. Yield is one of the main factors that scientists must consider in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis processes. [2] In chemical reaction engineering, “yield,” “conversion,” and “selectivity” relate to unwanted products, how much of the starting material is consumed (conversion), how much of the desired production A term used to describe the rate at which something is formed (yield). (selectivity) represented as X, Y, and S
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which metal would you expect to have the highest melting point? which metal would you expect to have the highest melting point? agag tctc rbrb
Among the elements in the periodic table, tungsten metal is expected to have the highest melting point.
Tungsten, having atomic number 74 belongs to the 6th group and 6th period of the periodic table.
It is the metal with the highest melting point i.e 3422°C . For this reason, tungsten is used as a metallic component in the filaments of electric bulbs and in cathode ray tubes.
Tungsten is considered a refractory metal due to its heat-hesistance nature. on the other hand, alkali metals such as Li,Na,K have low melting points because of their large size of atoms and due to which the binding energies of the atoms in the crystal lattice is comparatively low, resulting in low melting point.
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Which characteristic does inertia describe? responses how long an object is how long an object is how large an object is how large an object is how fast an object is moving how fast an object is moving how difficult it is to change an object's motion
Option C, Inertia describes how difficult it is to change the motion of an object.
What is meant by Inertia?The Latin term inerus, which meaning inert or slow, is where the word inertia originates. It may also refer to an object's resistance to a change in velocity.An object is said to have inertia if no external force forces it to change its speed or direction from its current state. Newton's first law of motion included a description of the concept of inertia. It is a propensity to do nothing or to do nothing different.Unless acted upon by an unbalanced force, an object remains at rest and an object in motion will remain to move at a constant speed and in a straight line. This is known as Newton's first law of motion (inertia).Learn more about Inertia refer to :
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Khloe is preheating her oven before using it to bake. Khloe wants to predict the final temperature after xx minutes. She wrote the equation y=20x+78y=20x+78, where yy represents the final temperature in degrees fahrenheit. What is the meaning of the yy-value when x=1x=1?.
The final temperature of the oven after being preheated, y is 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
What is the relationship between the final temperature and the time taken to preheat the oven?The relationship between the final temperature, y, and the time taken to preheat the oven, x is given by the equation below:
y = 20x + 78
where;
the final temperature is y,
and the time taken to preheat the oven is x
When x is equal to 1, the value of y can be determined as follows:
y = 20 (1) + 78
y = 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Dna has an important role in making proteins, the biomolecules that help determine our traits as well as take part in chemical reactions throughout our bodies. Can you correctly label the steps/parts involved in protein synthesis?.
Protein synthesis is a process that is generated within cells where different organelles and genetic components are involved through which proteins are generated.
What are the steps of protein formation?The biosynthesis of proteins will be given by different parts, beginning with the translation of the genetic material. It will be given by different steps:
1. mRNA binds to ribosomes and the aminoacyl-tRNA to be associated to the first codon of the mRNA is associated.
2. The elongation of the polypeptide chain occurs, in which the amino acids are joined
3. The elongation is finished when the termination codons are reached.
4. The translation components are released and post-translational modifications are started.
5. The folding, glycosylation and modification of amino acids occur
6. Finally, the protein is released to generate its function
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How many moles of chlorine are present in 3 moles of MgCl2
The amount, in moles, of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] would be 6 moles.
Stoichiometric problem[tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made from magnesium and chlorine molecules according to the following equation:
[tex]MgCl_2 --- > Mg^{2+} + 2Cl^-[/tex]
From the above equation, 1 mole of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made up of 1 mole of Mg and 2 moles of Cl.
Following this established ratio, the amount of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] can be calculated as follows:
1 mole [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 moles of Cl
3 moles [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 x 3/1
= 6 moles of Cl
In other words, 6 moles of Cl would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex].
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how are components separated using distillation? the substance with the [ select ] vapor pressure is vaporized first, and then it is
The material with the lower boiling point vaporizes first when heated, then condenses and collects.
The heat that is generated during the condensation process of higher boiling vapor is what leads to the process of vaporization. Because it has such a huge surface area, the packing enables vapors to move freely between the ascending and descending directions. In the process of evaporation, the vaporization happens at a temperature lower than the boiling point, whereas in the distillation process, the vaporization happens at the boiling point.
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What makes a field forever unique?
From cotton fields to corn stalks, if this is what you mean, a forever field is unique in its own way by keeping all types of plants in the field. They are all different in how they grow and what they do.
Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
salad
milk
paint
toothpaste
Answer:
salad
Explanation:
before glass electrodes and ph meters became widely used, ph was often determined by measuring the concentration of the acid and base forms of the indicator colorimetrically. if bromothymol blue is introduced into a solution and the concentration ratio of acid to base form is found to be 1.36, what is the ph of the solution? ph
In this theory, acidity is defined by the concentration of hydrogen ions: the greater the concentration, the more acidic a solution. The measure used is the pH—potential of hydrogen—scale, developed in 1909. The pH scale has values ranging from 0 (extremely acidic) to 14 (extremely alkaline).
To trace the pH scale, a group of standard solutions whose pH has been established by international agreement can be employed. The potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode, such as the silver chloride electrode, is measured using a concentration cell with transference to obtain the primary pH standard values. The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured using a glass electrode, a pH metre, or a color-changing indicator. pH measurements are important in many fields, including chemistry, agronomy, medicine, water treatment, and many more.
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write a paragraph using the words atom, element, compound, and mixture.
a housewife used the aluminum can to keep vinegar. After sometime, it is found that the vinegar is spoiled. Give a reason.
Answer:
Explanation:She was wrong
✔ Question 1
Below is a picture of the rock strata of a mountain.
What can you infer about the layers in this picture?
Sedimentary rock layers are referred to as rock strata.
What is a rock?A rock is a dense mass of mineral grains that have grown or been cemented together over time. There are big rocks and little rocks. Pebbles are little rocks.
The sediment grains that are deposited by water, wind, or ice become sedimentary rocks. They are always formed in layers and are referred to as "beds" or "strata," and frequently include fossils.
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation are the processes that result in the formation of these horizontal layers. Newer layers are deposited and created during this process on top of older layers, allowing for the relative dating of each layer.
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A science class is going to do an experiment to investigate how water temperature changes the rate at which salt dissolves in water. What tool will be needed to measure the temperature of the water?
Answer:
thermometers
Explanation:
Answer: thermometer
Explanation: trust me ;)
this is the chemical formula for talc (the main ingredient in talcum powder): an analytical chemist has determined by measurements that there are moles of magnesium in a sample of talc. how many moles of oxygen are in the sample? be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Mg3 (Si,03),(OH), is the chemical formula for talc: an analytical chemist has determined by measurements that there are 90.4 moles of magnesium and 2.43 moles of oxygen in a sample of talc.
Talcum powder is formed from talc. Talc is a mineral created up primarily of metallic element, silicon, and oxygen. As a powder, it absorbs wet well and helps weigh down on friction, creating it helpful for keeping skin dry and serving to forestall rashes.This mineral is employed as a thickening agent and stuff. It's an ingredient in ceramics, paints, and building material.
Talc is a hydrous magnesium sheet salt with the statement Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. The elementary sheet consists of a layer of magnesium-oxygen/hydroxyl octahedra, sandwiched between 2 layers of siliconoxygen tetrahedra.
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what special equipment did niels bohr use to develop his atomic model?
Neil Bohr used the fluorescent screen and an alpha particle detector to study the structure of an atom.
What is an atom?
An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.
Atoms of the same element are similar as they have number of sub- atomic particles which on combination do not alter the chemical properties of the substances.
The atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.
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how many milliliters of 2.50 m hcl (aq) are required to react with 8.05 g of an ore containing 44.0% zn (s) by mass? the molecular weight of zn is 65.38 g/mol.
43.312 mL of 2.50M HCl is required to react with zinc single displacement reaction occurs.
Hydrogen gas and zinc chloride are produced quickly by the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid. In a single displacement reaction, zinc metal displaces hydrogen to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. Because the reaction is exothermic, a significant amount of heat is produced.
The reaction goes in following order
[tex]Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)\rightarrow ZnCl_{2}(aq)+H_{2} (g)[/tex]
Percentage of Zn = (mass of Zn/mass of Ore) x 100
Mass of Zn = [tex]\frac{44 \times 8.05}{100}[/tex] = 3.54g
n Zn= [tex]\frac{3.54g}{65.38g}[/tex] per mole = 0.054144
n [tex]HCl[/tex] = 2 x 0.054144 = 0.10828
M= [tex]\frac{n}{V}\times1000[/tex]
V=[tex]\frac{n}{M}\times1000[/tex]
[tex]\frac{0.10828}{2.50}\times1000[/tex] = 43.312 mL
So 43.312 mL of 2.50M HCl is required to react with zinc.
The reaction goes in following order
[tex]Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)\rightarrow ZnCl_{2}(aq)+H_{2} (g)[/tex]
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Which two bonds are least similar in polarity?
Select one:
a. I-Br and SiCl
b. B-F and Cl-F
c. C-Cl and Ge-Cl
d. O-F and Cl-F
e. Ga-Cl and I-Br
Answer:
Explanation:
hooki
ANSWER ASAP FOR 90 POINTS Question: Air pressure is...
A.high and low at the bottom
B. same at the top same at the bottom
C.low at the top low at the bottom
D.low at the top hight at the bottom
Air pressure is D.low at the top hight at the bottom.
How much air pressure is typical?Pressure is the force that the air applies to the ground when gravity acts on it. At sea level, there is typically a pressure of 1013.25 millibars, or 14.7 pounds per square inch.
When the air pressure is high, what happens?High pressure frequently heralds sunny, dry weather. Clouds and precipitation are frequently indicative of low pressure. Air that is sinking is related with high pressure. Because it is pushing DOWN on the ground, air pressure is higher.
How do we react to air pressure?High barometric pressure exerts additional pressure against our bodies, which restricts how much tissue can expand. On the other hand, when air pressure is low, our body's tissues can expand more, which results in more pressure.
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which set of elements is arranged in order of increasing electronegativity? which set of elements is arranged in order of increasing electronegativity? ga < ge < p < n p < n < ge < ga ge < n < ga < p n < p < ge < ga
The electronegativity is n < p < ge < ga.
What is electronegativity?Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons when it forms a chemical bond with another atom. It is based on the Pauling Scale, which assigns values to elements based on their tendency to attract electrons when they form bonds. Electronegativity increases from left to right across the periodic table, and increases from the bottom to the top of the periodic table.
The correct answer is n < p < ge < ga. This is because electronegativity increases as we move down a group in the periodic table and from left to right across a period.
Therefore, the element with the highest electronegativity is at the bottom right corner of the periodic table, which is gaseous, followed by Germanium, Phosphorus, and then Nitrogen.
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based on their structures, rank phenol, benzene, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid in terms of lowest to highest boiling point. explain your reasoning.
Increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is
Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.
Boiling point is directly proportional to intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces present in the given molecules are.
so, as benzene is nonpolar , only weak london dispersion force is present. Hence boiling point of benzene is least among the given molecules. Benzaldehyde is polar, so dipole -dipole force is also present. But no H-bonding is present. Hence, boiling point of benzaldehyde is less than that of phenol and benzoic acid. Now, both phenol and benzoic acid is polar as well as they can form H-bonding. But phenol can only form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, but benzoic acid can form both intermolecular as well as intramolecular H bonding. So it can exist as dimer. The presence of dimer further strengthen the vander Waals dispersion forces , that increases the boiling point of Benzoic acid.
Hence increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is
Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.
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A student wants to determine the effect of a fertilizer on the growth of bean plants. She sets
up the following experiment.
Bean
Soil
Fertilizer
Daily water 50 mL
A
Bean
Soil
Daily water 50 mL
2. What does setup "B" represent and why is it important in this experiment?
ANSWER QUESTION 2 NOT QUESTION 1
The experimental set up in B is to observe the growth the green beans without the addition of fertilizer. Thus, we can compare the growth of the plant with and without fertilizer and thereby we can understand the effect the fertilizer on the plant growth.
What is fertilizer?Fertilizers are chemical substances used to nourish the plants by making the soil rich in nutrients and minerals. Plants needs minerals along with water such as potassium, calcium, phosphorous, nitrogen etc.
Sometimes the soil comes deficient of these minerals and we have to fertilize the soli by the addition of the chemicals containing these minerals. Hence, fertilizers provide a nutrient rich soil for plant growth.
The experimental set up with fertilizer added plant and the second one (B) without fertilizer helps to compare the growth in both conditions and we can clearly understand how fertilizers effect the growth of plants by comparing the plant growth in A and B.
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Victor put a match on a balance and found that its mass was 6.0 grams. Then he lit the match and put it out after a few seconds.
He put the partially burned match on the balance again. This time, its mass was 4.5 grams.
Which of the following best explains what happened as the match burned?
A.
Some of the matter changed from solid to gas and went into the air.
B.
The matter moved to a different part of the match.
C.
Some of the mass was destroyed by the fire.
D.
The mass of the match combined with the mass of the fire.
Place the cursor at the start of the text, then press CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW. Press CTRL+SHIFT+UP ARROW after advancing the cursor to the end of the paragraph. The Correct option is B.
How do you move the first sentence to the end of the paragraph in Word?The Ctrl+A keyboard shortcut in Word allows you to select all text in a document, and you can also use the mouse or keyboard to pick out individual words or objects from tables. Text or objects that are located in various locations can also be chosen. You can choose, for instance, a sentence from one page and a paragraph from another.The entire textIn the document, click anywhere.You can pick every word in the document by pressing Ctrl+A on your computer.The particular wording you wantAdditionally, you have the option of choosing a specific word, line of text, or one or more paragraphs.Your cursor should be placed in front of the first letter of the word, sentence, or paragraph you want to pick.To pick a text block, click and hold while dragging the cursor over it.Other options for selecting textQuickly click and drag the mouse over a word to choose it.By positioning your cursor at the beginning of a line of text and pressing Shift + down arrow, you can pick that line of text.Put your cursor at the beginning of the paragraph, then hit the down arrow while holding down the Ctrl and Shift keys to select the paragraph.To Learn more About end of the paragraph refer to:
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How many elements belong to the Halogen family? List the member elements by their symbol?
Answer:
5
Explanation:
fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
Which of the following concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes?
1. mass percent
2.mole fraction
3. molality
4. molarity
5. all of these
The concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes is molarity. The correct option is 4.
What is molarity?The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of how many moles of a solute are present per liter of a solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration.
To find the equation for molarity, divide the volume of solvent used to dissolve the given solute by the number of moles of that solute. M = n V
Since the volume of the solution rises as the temperature rises, molarity decreases. Therefore, molarity is normally affected when therefore is a change in temperature of a solution either when it increases or decreases.
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what quantity is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams
The molar mass of the substance is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams.
What is molar mass?A compound's molar mass, which is measured in grams per mole, specifies how much of a given material weighs in one mole. In other terms, the molar mass is the sum of the masses of all the atoms that make up a mole of a certain molecule, expressed in grams. As a result, the molar mass is measured in grams/mole.
The compound's molar mass is expressed in grams per mole, or g/mol. The mass of 1 mol, expressed in the SI as g/mol, is the definition of the molar mass. Example: Water has a molar mass of 18.016 g/mol.
Thus, The molar mass of the substance is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams.
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The complete question is as follows:
What quantity is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams?
a the molar mass of the substance
b the density of the substance
с the physical state of the substance
d all of the above
what is the form of energy contained in a dam called? group of answer choices nuclear chemical kinetic potential
Potential Energy is the form of energy contained in dam.
Total energy:
The total energy of each considered object is the sum of its potential energy (P.E) and kinetic energy (K.E) and is constant throughout motion. For example, at finite height, a ball has maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy, and when released, K.E increases and becomes maximum at ground level, and P.E decreases to zero at ground level. , so the total energy increases. There is movement of the ball in the same way everywhere. The energy that an object has due to its motion is called kinetic energy, and the energy that an object has due to its position and shape is called potential energy.
Here the water dammed by the dam has a certain potential height. This means that water has latent energy because it is located far from the bottom. Therefore, water dammed up by a dam has potential energy.
Potential Energy:
In physics, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to other objects, its own tension, electrical charge, or other factors. Common types of potential energy are the gravitational potential energy of a body, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electrical potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field. The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, and the symbol is J.
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How many moles exist in 3,000,000 particles of gold (Au)?
Answer:
4.98 x 10^-18 mole
Explanation:
1 mole has 6.022 x 10^23 particles
so 3,000,000/(6.022 x 10^23) = 4.98 x 10^-18 mole
please help!
Are magnesium and calcium more reactive with oxygen in the air than is aluminum? Support your answer.
Magnesium and calcium are 2nd group elements with 2 valence electrons. They are metals in room temperature and easily lose these electrons to nonmetals such as oxygen.
What is magnesium ?Magnesium is 12th element in periodic table. It is 2nd group element and is a called alkaline earth metals. Its group members are calcium, strontium, and barium.
They contains 2 valence electrons which can be easily lost to a non-metal. Oxygen is highly electronegative element and it contains 6 valence electrons and need two more electrons to achieve octet.
Al is 13th group element it is not as much electropositive as alkaline earth metals. It contains 3 valence electrons and thus it need to lose all these 3 electrons to achieve octet. Hence, Al is less reactive towards O2 in comparison with Mg and Ca.
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each of the structures for clocl , ncoh , and clno has atoms connected in the order given in their formulas. identify the type of hybridization for the central atom in each compound.
The type of hybridization for the central atom in each compound is as follows ; Initially we can determine the precise hybridization of each of the mentioned atoms by examining the structures of each molecule.
When we look at ClNO, we can see that the nitrogen atom is linked to chlorine by a single bond while also maintaining a lone pair on oxygen by double bonds. The nitrogen is therefore in a sp2 hybridized form.
As is expected for ClOCl, the molecule has two lone pairs on the oxygen atom and an sp3 hybridized oxygen atom connected to two chlorine atoms.
The carbon atom in NCOH is sp2 hybridized because it is doubly linked to oxygen.
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