Answer:
Avoidable costs
Explanation:
An avoidable cost is defined as one that an entity will not incur if a particular activity is not undertaken.
In business operations avoidable costs are usually variable costs. These are costs that vary or change in the cost of production. For example wages, cost of raw materials, and labour. These can be avoided depending on business needs.
Costs that are not avoidable are fixed cost. For example rent, insurance, and utilities.
These costs are paid wether production occurs or not.
Canyon Canoe Company's Amber Zack Wilson are continuing their analysis of the company's position and believe the company will need to borrow $15,000 in order to expand operations. They consult Rivers Nation Bank and secure a 66 %, one-year note on September 1, 2019, with interest due at maturity. Additionally, the company hires an employee, John Vance, on September 1. John will receive a salary of $3,000 per month. Payroll deductions include federal income tax at 25 %, OASDI at 6.2 %, Medicare at 1.45 %, and monthly health insurance premium of $250. The company will incur matching FICA taxes, FUTA tax at 0.6 %, and SUTA tax at 5.4 %. Round calculations to two decimals. Omit explanations on journal entries.Requirements:
1. Record the issuance of the $15,000 note payable on September 1, 2019.
2. Record the employee payroll and employer payroll tax entries on September 30, 2019.
3. Record all payments related to September's payroll. Payments are made on October 15, 2019.
4. Record the entry to accrue interest due on the note at December 31, 2019.
5. Record the entry Canyon Canoe Company would make to record the payment to the bank on September 1, 2020.
Answer and Explanation:
The Journal entry is shown below:-
1. Cash Dr, $15,000
To Notes payable $15,000
(Being note payable is recorded)
2. Salaries expense Dr, $3,000
To Federal income tax payable $750 (25% × $3,000)
To Social security tax payable $186 (6.2% × $3000)
To Medicare tax payable $43.50 (1.45% × $3,000)
To Health insurance premium payable $250
To Salaries payable $1770.50
(Being salaries expense is recorded)
Payroll tax expense Dr, 409.50
To Social security tax payable $186 (6.2% × $3,000)
To Medicare tax payable $43.5 (1.45% × $3,000)
To FUTA tax payable $18 (0.6% × $3,000)
To SUTA tax payable $162 (5.4% × $3,000)
(Being payroll tax expense is recorded)
3. Salaries payable Dr, $1,770.50
To Cash $1,770.50
(Being cash paid is recorded)
Federal income tax payable Dr, $750
Social security tax payable Dr, $372
Medicare tax payable $87
Health insurance premium payable Dr, $250
FUTA tax payable Dr, $18
SUTA tax payable Dr, $162
To Cash $1,639
(Being cash paid is recorded)
4. Interest expense Dr, $300 ($15,000 × 6% × 4 ÷ 12)
To Interest payable $300
(Being interest expense is recorded)
5. Note payable Dr, $15,000
Interest payable Dr, $300
Interest expense $600 ($15000 × 6% × 8 ÷ 12)
To Cash $15,900
(Being cash paid is recorded)
According to research, effective leaders at all levels of organizations have high levels of Emotional Intelligence (EI). CEOs with high EI excel in all of the following exceptA) managing relationships.B) influencing people.C) forging alliances inside and outside the firm.D) ability to discourage outside stakeholders.
Answer:
D) ability to discourage outside stakeholders.
Explanation:
Emotional Intelligence (EI) is important for effective leaders at all levels or organizations including CEO, as it helps in several organizational functions such as managing employee relations, satisfying employees, influencing people and forging alliances inside and outside the firm.
But a CEO with high level of EI will never discourage outside stakeholders, rather they will encourage their employees to perform better.
Hence, the correct answer is "D".
Coastal Shores Inc. (CSI) was completely destroyed by Hurricane Fred on August 5, 2021. At January 1, CSI reported an inventory of $153,000. Sales from January 1, 2021, to August 5, 2021, totaled $432,000 and purchases totaled $175,500 during that time. CSI consistently marks up its products 60% over cost to arrive at a selling price. The estimated inventory loss due to Hurricane Fred would be:
Answer:
58,500
Explanation:
Given the information above, the formula for Inventory loss is
Inventory loss = Opening inventory + Purchases - Cost of sales
Where,
Cost of sales = $432,000 × 100 ÷ 160
=$270,000
Since opening inventory = $153,000
Purchases = $175,500
Therefore,
Inventory loss = $153,000 + $175,500 - $270,000
= $58,500
Sullivan's Island Company began operating a subsidiary in a foreign country on January 1, 2017, by investing capital in the amount of 84,000 pounds. The subsidiary immediately borrowed 200,000 pounds on a five-year note with 10 percent interest payable annually beginning on January 1, 2018. The subsidiary then purchased for 284,000 pounds a building that had a 10-year expected life and no salvage value and is to be depreciated using the straight-line method. Also on January 1, 2017, the subsidiary rented the building for three years to a group of local attorneys for 7,200 pounds per month. By year-end, rent payments totaling 72,000 pounds had been received, and 14,400 pounds was in accounts receivable. On October 1, 3,600 pounds was paid for a repair made to the building. The subsidiary transferred a cash dividend of 5,100 pounds back to Sullivan's Island Company on December 31, 2017. The functional currency for the subsidiary is the pound.
Currency exchange rates for 1 pound follow: January 1, 2017 $ 2.10 = 1 Pound
October 1, 2017 2.15 = 1
December 31, 2017 2.18 = 1
Average for 2017 2.14 = 1
Prepare an income statement, statement of retained earnings, and balance sheet for this subsidiary in pounds and then translate these amounts into U.S. dollars.
Answer:
Sullivan's Island Company
a. Sullivan's Island Company Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2017:
Pounds US $
Rent Revenue 86,400 184,896
Repairs to building 3,600 7,704
Depreciation - Building 28,400 60,776
Interest on Notes 20,000 42,800
Net Income 34,400 73,616
b. Sullivan's Island Company Statement of Retained Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2017:
Pounds US $
Net Income 34,400 73,616
Dividends 5,100 10,914
Retained Earnings 29,300 62,702
c. Sullivan's Island Company Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017:
Pounds US $
Assets:
Cash 63,300 138,102
Rent Receivable 14,400 31,392
Building 284,000 596,400
Less Depreciation -28,400 -60,776
Total Assets 333,300 705,118
Liabilities:
Notes Interest Payable 20,000 42,800
Notes Payable 200,000 420,000
Common Stock 84,000 176,400
Retained Earnings 29,300 62,702
Foreign Exchange Translation Gain 3,216
Total Liabilities + Equity 333,300 705,118
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Currency exchange rates for 1 pound follow:
January 1, 2017 $ 2.10 = 1 Pound
October 1, 2017 2.15 = 1
December 31, 2017 2.18 = 1
Average for 2017 2.14 = 1
Cash Account:
Pounds US $
Jan. 1 Common Stock 84,000 176,400
Jan. 1 Notes Payable 200,000 420,000
Jan. 1 Building -284,000 -596,400
Oct. 1 Building Repairs -3600 -7,740
Dec. 31 Rent received 72,000 156,960
Dec. 31 Dividends -5,100 -11,118
Dec. 31 Balance 63,300 138,102
b) Sullivan recorded some unrealized foreign exchange translation gain of $3,216. This is due to translation differences.
A food manufacturer reports the following for two of its divisions for a recent year.
($ millions) Beverage Division Cheese Division
Invested assets, beginning $2,680 $4,473
Invested assets, ending 2,602 4,409
Sales 2,690 3,934
Operating income 358 643
Required:
1. Compute return on investment.
2. Compute profit margin.
3. Compute investment turnover for the year.
Assume that each of the company's divisions has a required rate of return of 8%. Compute residual income for each division.
Answer:
a. Return on Investment
ROI= Operating income/Average invested assets
Beverage Division ROI = 358 / (2,680+2,602) /2
= 358 / 2,641
= 0.13555
= 13.56%
Cheese Division ROI = 643 / (4,473 + 4,409)/2
= 643 / 4,441
= 0.14478
= 14.48%
b. Profit margin
Profit Margin= Operating income / Sales
Beverage Division = 358 / 2690
= 0.13309
=13.31%
Cheese Division = 643 / 3934
= 0.16345
= 16.35%
c. Investment turnover for the year
Investment turnover = Sales / Average invested assets
Beverage Division = 2690 / 2641 = 1.02
Cheese Division = 3934 / 4441 = 0.89
d. Beverage$'m Cheese'million
Average Assets 2641 4441
Targeted return 8% 8%
Target income 211 355
Residual Income Beverage'm Cheese'm
Operating income 358 643
Less: Target income 211 355
Residual Income 147 288
The project has been challenging to manage. Everyone has been on edge due to pressure to complete the project on time. Unfortunately, the tension has grown to the point where team meetings have become shouting matches and little work is accomplished during the meetings. One team member asks to be excused from future team meetings, as all the shouting upsets him. Meanwhile, the sponsor has asked to attend team meetings in order to better understand how the project is going and the issues involved in completing the project, and the customer has started discussions about adding scope to the project. In this situation, it would be BEST for the project manager to:
Answer: C. Involve the team in creating ground rules for the meetings.
Explanation:
The meetings have seemingly descended into anarchy and as such needs to be controlled in an orderly manner to make any sort of progress. One way this can be done is through the setting of ground rules. These rules need to be accepted and inclusive of people's qualms or else the arguments will continue.
When the rules are made therefore, the inputs of the entire team should be taken into consideration and this is what the Project manager needs to do. Setting all inclusive rules also helps the team understand each other better during the discussions are point of views will be seen and understood better.
An officer of a company has acquired shares of that issuer in the open market. If the officer wishes to sell the shares:
Answer: C. II and III
Explanation:
As the shares were acquired by the officer on the open market, they are considered Control Stock. Sale of Control Stock falls under the purview of Rule 144 of the SEC that governs the sale of restricted, unregistered, and control securities so a Form 144 will need to be filed with the Sec making III correct.
Furthermore, control stock are not subject to a holding period requirement so option II is correct as well. Option C is therefore the best answer.
Farmer Brown’s total cost curve is a. increasing at an increasing rate. b. increasing at a decreasing rate. c. increasing at a constant rate. d. decreasing.
The question is incomplete:
If Farmer Brown plants no seeds on his farm, he gets no harvest. If he plants 1 bag of seeds, he gets 5 bushels of wheat. If he plants 2 bags, he gets 9 bushels. If he plants 3 bags, he gets 12 bushels. A bag of seeds costs $120, and seeds are his only cost.
Farmer Brown's total-cost curve is
a. increasing at an increasing rate.
b. increasing at a decreasing rate.
c. increasing at a constant rate.
d. decreasing.
Answer:
a. increasing at an increasing rate.
Explanation:
To determine the answer, you can create a graph with the information given hich is attached.
You can see that the curve is increasing and because of that you can eliminate option d that is decreasing. Then, you have to consider that increasing at a constant rate would show an straight line which is not the case. Also, increasing at a decreasing rate would show a decreasing slope which is not what you see in the graph. Because of that, the answer is that Farmer Brown’s total cost curve is increasing at an increasing rate because the graphs shows an increasing slope.
A trader maintains a position in a small capitalization stock that has low trading volume. The trader has a high level of which of the following risks?
A) MarketB) LiquidityC) BusinessD) Inflation
Answer:
B) Liquidity
Explanation:
Liquidity is the ability of quickly buy or sell a stock without any price change.
Liquidity in a small-capitalization stock that has low trading volume is generally low that causes a problem for traders. It is so because in small capitalization, traders are unable to understand potential pitfalls and blindly invest in small-capitalization stocks which do not give profit as expected and the liquidity becomes low.
Hence, the correct answer is B) Liquidity.
In September 2009 a U.S. investor chooses to invest $500,000 in German equity securities at a then current spot rate of $1.30/euro. At the end of one year the spot rate is $1.35/euro.
1. Refer to Instruction, how many euros will the U.S. investor acquire with his initial $500,000 investment?
A) €650,000B) €370,370C) €500,000D) €384,6152. Refer to Instruction, at an average price of €60/share, how many shares of stock will the investor be able to purchase?A) 8333 sharesB) 6410 sharesC) 6173 sharesD) 10,833 shares3. Refer to Instruction, at the end of the year the investor sells his stock that now has an average price per share of €57. What is the investor's average rate of return before converting the stock back into dollars?A) 5.0%B) -3.0%C) -5.0%D) 3.0%
4. Refer to Instruction, at the end of the year the investor sells his stock that now has an average price per share of €57. What is the investor's average rate of return after converting the stock back into dollars?A) -1.35%B) 5.0%C) -5.0%D) -7.24%
Answer:
1. Refer to Instruction, how many euros will the U.S. investor acquire with his initial $500,000 investment?
D) €384,615$500,000 / $1.30 = €384,615.38
2. Refer to Instruction, at an average price of €60/share, how many shares of stock will the investor be able to purchase?
B) 6410 shares€384,615 / €60 = 6,410.25
3. Refer to Instruction, at the end of the year the investor sells his stock that now has an average price per share of €57. What is the investor's average rate of return before converting the stock back into dollars?
C) -5.0%(€57 - €60) / €60 = -5%
4. Refer to Instruction, at the end of the year the investor sells his stock that now has an average price per share of €57. What is the investor's average rate of return after converting the stock back into dollars?
A) -1.35%[(6,410 x €57) + €15] x $1.35 = $493,269.75
($493,269.75 - $500,000) / $500,000 = -1.35%
The following is a partial trial balance for the Green Star Corporation as of December 31, 2018: Account Title Debits Credits Sales revenue 1,300,000 Interest revenue 30,000 Gain on sale of investments 50,000 Cost of goods sold 720,000 Selling expenses 160,000 General and administrative expenses 75,000 Interest expense 40,000 Income tax expense 130,000 Required: Prepare a multiple-step income statement for 2018.
Answer:
Multiple-step income statement for 2018.
Sales revenue 1,300,000
Cost of goods sold (720,000)
Gross Profit 580,000
Less Operating Expenses :
Gain on sale of investments 50,000
Selling expenses (160,000)
General and administrative expenses (75,000) (185,000)
Operating Profit 395,000
Less Non - Operating Expenses :
Interest revenue 30,000
Interest expense (40,000)
Income tax expense (130,000) (140,000)
Net Income / (Loss) 225,000
Explanation:
The Multi-step Income statement shows separately Profit derived from Primary Activities (Operating Profit) of the company against profit and the profit derived from the Secondary Activities (Net Profit) of the company.
Northwest Fur Co. started 2021 with $105,000 of merchandise inventory on hand. During 2021, $510,000 in merchandise was purchased on account with credit terms of 3/15, n/45. All discounts were taken. Purchases were all made f.o.b. shipping point. Northwest paid freight charges of $8,900. Merchandise with an invoice amount of $3,700 was returned for credit. Cost of goods sold for the year was $362,000. Northwest uses a perpetual inventory system. What is ending inventory assuming Northwest uses the gross method to record purchases
Answer:
The ending inventory by using the gross method is $243,011
Explanation:
Purchases = Net purchases + Freight inwards
Purchases = 491,111 + 8,900
Purchases = 500,011
When Net purchase = Gross Purchase - Purchase return - Discount
Net purchase = 510,000 - 3,700- 15,189
Net purchase = 491,111
Working
Discount = (Purchases - Purchase return) × Discount rate
Discount = (510,000 - 3,700) * 3%
Discount = 15,189
Ending inventory = Beginning inventory + Purchases− Cost of good sold
Ending inventory = (105,000 + 500,011) - 362,000
Ending inventory = $243,011
Thus, the ending inventory by using the gross method is $243,011.
According to the kinked demand curve theory, if Kit-N-Sit cuts prices, Kittysitters will ________; if Kit-N-Sit raises prices, Kittysitters will ________.
Answer:
respond aggressively by cutting prices ; will do nothing and leave prices unchanged.
Explanation:
The kinked demand curve was developed by an economist, Sweezy to addressing price inflexibility associated with an oligopolist market. In an oligopolist market, prices tends to remain unchanged over a long period of time even when costs are declining. The kinked demand curve hypothesis states that a firm faces a demand curve with a kink at the prevailing price level. This means that the curve is more elastic above the kink and less elastic below it. Here, there is less response to a price increase compared to much response to a price decrease.
According to the assumption under kinked demand curve, each firm in an oligopoly believes that if a firm cut price below the prevailing level, then competitors will follow suit. This is because competitors feels that if they do not cut their prices too, then their customers will leave them and buy from the competitor that is selling at lower price.
It is also assumed that, if a firm increases the price of his goods and services above the prevailing level, then competitors will not follow suit. This means that if a firm increases the price of his goods and services, there will be reduction in sales hence competitors will not increase their price. This because customers will patronize firms with the same or similar products hence increase competitors sales.
Best Deals, Inc. has 10 units in ending merchandise inventory on December 31. The units were purchased in November for $160 each. The price lists from suppliers indicate the current replacement cost of the item to be $162 each. What would be the amount reported as Merchandise Inventory on the balance sheet?
A. $1,600
B. $3,220
C. $322
D. $1,620
Answer:
$1,600
Explanation:
Best deals incorporation has a total of 10 units in the ending merchandise inventory on December 31
The units were bought in the month of November at a price of $160 for each unit
The replacement cost of the item is $162
Inventory is always recorded when the cost is low
Therefore, the amount that is to be reported as the merchandise inventory can be calculated as follows
=10 units × $160
= $1,600
Hence the amount reported as the merchandise inventory on the balance sheet is $1,600
You take out a car loan for 13,381 dollars. If your loan has an annual interest rate of 8.86 percent, and you will make monthly payments for 5 years, how much of your first payment will go towards principal (go towards paying down the outstanding loan balance)?
Answer:
Principal paid in the first payment =$2,656.52
Explanation:
Loan Amortization: A loan repayment method structured such that a series of equal periodic installments will be paid for certain number of periods to offset both the loan principal amount and the accrued interest.
We will use the following relationships:
Interest paid = Interest rate × loan balance
Principal paid = Monthly installment - Interest paid
Monthly installment = Loan amount/Annuity factor
Annuity factor = (1- (1+r)^(-n))/r
r - annual interest rate
n- number of period = 12× 5 = 60
Monthly interest rate - 8.86/12 =0.738 %
Loan amount = 13,381
Annuity factor = (1 - (1.00738)^(-60) )/ 0.00738=48.336
Monthly interest payment = Loan amount/Annuity factor
13,381/48.336=2,755.32
Interest due in the first month = interest rate × loan amount
= 0.738 %× 13,381 =98.796
Principal aid in the first year = Monthly installment - interest due 1st month
= 2,755.32 - 98.796 = 2,656.52
Principal paid in the first payment =$2,656.52
Division A had ROI of 15% last year. The manager of Division A is considering an additional investment for the coming year. What step will the manager likely choose to take
Answer: c.Reject the investment if it returns less than 15% ROI.
Explanation:
Additional investments should yield incremental returns if they are to be accepted. In the previous year, Division A had an Return on Investment of 15%, when an additional investment is being considered, it must bring in more than that 15% if it is to be accepted.
Therefore, if an investment is to give a less than 15% ROI, it should be rejected as it is not bringing additional returns for the Division.
Potential GDP of an economy is $12 billion. Real (Actual) GDP is $20 Billion. Marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. What level of Government spending is required to achieve Full employment
Answer:
Government spending required = $2 billion
Explanation:
The required amount of GDP to achieve the full employment GDP =
Potential GDP - Actual
that is 20 - 12 = $8 billion.
But note that a government spending of less than $8 billion would be required to achieve an increase of 8 billion in real GDP. This is so because of expenditure multiplier effect.
The expenditure multiplier is the amount by which the aggregate output would increase with an increase in any of the expenditure components.
It is calculated as follows;
Multiplier = 1/(1-MPC)
For this question ,
Expenditure multiplier = 1/(1-0.75) = 4
This implies that $1 change in any of the aggregate expenditure would lead a $4 worth of change in GDP.
Government spending required is determined as
Desired change in real GDP/expenditure multiplier
= $8 billion/4 = $2 billion
Government spending required = $2 billion
A mother, aged 60, wishes to withdraw monies from her variable annuity to pay for her son's college education. Which statement is true regarding the taxation of the withdrawal?
A. The withdrawal is 100% taxable
B. Any amount withdrawn above the cost basis is taxable
C. Any amount withdrawn above the cost basis is taxable, and is subject to a 10% penalty tax
D. The withdrawal is not subject to tax
Answer:
Any amount withdrawn above the cost basis is taxable
Explanation:
This woman is above 59½ years at age 60. If she was least than 60, she would be owing a 10% penalty on the taxable amount of this withdrawal. But since she is above this age she has to pay income taxes on the whole taxable amount of the funds she withdrew. Variable annuities would never be taxed the money is withdrawn. Therefore option B is the best answer for This question.
2. At an oral auction for used car, half of all bidders have a value of $1,500 and half have a value of $1,900. What is the expected winning bid if there are three bidders
Answer: $1,700
Explanation:
The expected winning bid is the weighted average of the 2 different bids.
Half of the bids are for $1,500 so weight of $1,500 is 0.5.
Half of the bids are for $1,900 so weight of $1,900 is 0.5.
Expected Winning bid = (1,500 * 0.5) + ( 1,900 * 0.5)
= 750 + 950
= $1,700
Your Competitive Intelligence team is predicting that the Digby Company will invest in adding capacity to their Deal product this year. Assume Digby's product Deal invests in increasing its capacity by 10% this year. Because of this new information, your company anticipates all other products in the Core segment will increase their capacity by the same amount. How much can the industry produce in the Core segment the next year
Answer:
13,288
Explanation:
The computation of the amount that industry produced in the core segment is shown below:
It can be determined in two ways i.e.
= 6,444 + 6,444
= 13,288
And, the other method is
= 6,444 × 2
= 13,288
In both the methods, the answer would remain the same
Hence, the 13,288 should be produced by the industry for the next year production
The unfavorable volume variance may be due to all of the following factors except:_______
a. failure to maintain an even flow of work
b. machine breakdowns
c. failure to obtain enough sales orders
d. unexpected increases in the cost of utilities
Answer:
d. unexpected increases in the cost of utilities
Explanation:
there are several volume variances:
direct materials volume variancedirect labor volume variancemanufacturing overhead volume variance sales volume varianceUtilities are part of manufacturing overhead, but volume variances using the standard rates, so an unexpected increase in the cost of utilities will not affect the overhead volume variance.
The unfavorable volume variance can not be due because of unexpected Increases in the cost of utilities
Unfavorable volume variance means that the amount of applied fixed manufacturing overhead costs is less than the budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead costs
The machine breakdowns will affect production levels, thus, resulting to unfavorable volume variance.
The failure to maintain even flow of work will impact the production quantities, thus, resulting to unfavorable volume variances
The failure to obtain enough sales order will limit production quantities, thus, resulting to unfavorable volume variances.
Thus, the Option D is correct because unfavorable volume variance can not be due because of unexpected Increases in the cost of utilities
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Use your own language to explain that short run supply curve by a price-taking firm is the positively-sloped portion of the short-run marginal cost curve.
Answer:
See the answer and explanation below
Explanation:
A price-taking firm is a firm in a perfectly competitive market where all firms are price takers. That is, no firm in a perfectly competitive can influence the price as only the market determines the price.
The short run supply curve for a price-taking firm refers to the short marginal cost (SMC) curve at and above the shutdown point.
Note: See the attached graph for the shut run supply curve. Also note that point E in the attached graph is the shutdown point.
The shutdown point is the point where the short run marginal cost (SMC) is equal to the average variable cost (AVC) (i.e. where MC = AVC = Shutdown point).
This indicates that the short-run supply curve for a price-taking firm is the part of the SMC curve that lies above AVC curve.
The part of the SMC curve that lies below the AVC or the shutdown point is not part of the short run supply curve of a price-taking firm, because the firm is not engaging in any production at that point.
Therefore, the short run supply curve of a price-taking firm is the increasing portion of the short run MC curve above the shutdown point.
This follows the law of supply which states that more quantity of the product of a firm will be supplied when there is a rise in the market price.
In summary, the short run supply curve of a price-taking firm is the positively-sloped portion of the short-run marginal cost curve
Which of the following is true regarding the value of an option? A) Unlike the Black-Scholes formula, the Put-Call Parity suggests that the volatility of underlying asset is not a factor that affects the value of an option. B) The option premium is greater or equal to its intrinsic value because of the time premium. C) The call and put premiums are unrelated since they depend on different set of variables. D) The writer of the call option pays the same premium as the buyer of the put option. E) When the call option is out-of-the-money and the put option is in-the-money, the call must be more valuable than the put.
Answer: B) The option premium is greater or equal to its intrinsic value because of the time premium.
Explanation:
The option premium can be calculated by adding the time premium and the intrinsic value. The time premium is the part of the option premium that accounts for the time remaining till the premium matures while the intrinsic value is the difference between the value of underlying asset and the strike price.
As the time premium can be zero but never negative, the option premium can either be greater than its intrinsic value or equal to it. It cannot be lower than it because of the time premium.
One Step, Inc., is trying to determine its cost of debt. The firm has a debt issue outstanding with 27 years to maturity that is quoted at 105 percent of face value. The issue makes semiannual payments and has a coupon rate of 4 percent.
Requried:
a. What is the company's pretax cost of debt?
b. If the tax rate is 23 percent, what is the aftertax cost of debt?
Answer:
Before tax cost of debt=3.72%
After-tax cost of debt =2.87 %
Explanation:
The yield to maturity to Maturity van be worked out using the formula below:
YM =( C + F-P/n) ÷ ( 1/2× (F+P))
C- annual coupon,
F- face value ,
P- current price,
n- number of years to maturity
YM - Yield to maturity
DATA
C- 4%× 100 = 4, P- 105, F- 100
AYM = 4 + (100-105)/27 ÷ 1/2× (100+105)
=0.0372 × 100= 3.72%
Yield to maturity =3.72%
Before tax cost of debt = Yield to maturity
Before tax cost of debt=3.72%
After tax cost of debt =Before tax cost of debt × (1-T)
Before tax cost of debt = 3.72%
Tax rate = 23%
After-tax cost of debt = 3.72%× (1-0.23) =2.87 %
After-tax cost of debt =2.87 %
Southland Corporation has a present capital structure consisting of common stock (10 million shares) and debt ($150 million, 8% coupon rate). The company needs to raise $60 million and is undecided between two financing plans. Plan A: Equity financing. Under this plan, an additional common stock will be sold at $15 per share. Plan B: Debt financing. Under this plan, the firm will issue 10% coupon bonds. At what level of operating income (EBIT) will the firm be indifferent between the two plans? Assume a 40% marginal tax rate.
Answer:
The level of operating income (EBIT) where the firm will be indifferent between the two plans is $33 million.
Explanation:
Indifferent level of EBIT refers to the EBIT level where the he Earnings Per Share (EPS) two alternative financial plans are the same.
Indifferent level of EBIT can be calculated using the following formula:
[(EBIT - FB) * (1 - T)] / SA = [(EBIT - FB) * (1 - T)] / SB .................... (1)
Where:
EBIT = Indifference level of EBIT
FA = Fixed interest costs under plan B = Interest on existing debt = $150 * 8% = $12 million
FB = Fixed interest costs under plan A = Interest on existing debt + Interest on new debt = ($150 * 8%) + ($60 * 10%) = $18 million
T = Tax rate = 40%, or 0.40
SA = Number of equity shares outstanding under Plan B = Existing number of shares + New number of shares = 10 million + ($60 million / $15) = 10 million + 4 million = 14 million
SB = Number of equity shares outstanding under Plan A = Existing number of shares = 10 million
Substiuting the values into equation (1) and solve for EBIT, we have:
[(EBIT - 12) * (1 - 0.40)] / 14 = [(EBIT - 18) * (1 - 0.40)] / 10
[(EBIT - 12) * 0.60] / 14 = [(EBIT - 18) * 0.60] / 10
[EBIT0.60 - 7.20] / 14 = [(EBIT0.06 - 10.80] / 10
[EBIT0.60 - 7.20] * 10 = [(EBIT0.06 - 10.80] * 14
EBIT6 - 72 = EBIT8.40 - 151.20
-72 + 151.20 = EBIT8.40 - EBIT6
EBIT2.40 = 79.20
EBIT = 79.20 / 2.40
EBIT = $33 million
Therefore, the level of operating income (EBIT) where the firm will be indifferent between the two plans is $33 million.
Which of the following statements about collateral contracts is true? Group of answer choices The guarantor promises to pay only if the principal debtor fails to do so. The principal debtor's debt is secondary. A collateral contract involves three parties and one promise to perform. The guarantor's debt is primary.
Answer:
The principal debtor's debt is secondary
Explanation:
The collateral contracts involves three parties and one promise to perform.
What is a Collateral Contract?A collateral contract is a separate contract which exists beside the main contract. Largely, where a written contract, the term of agreement base on the contract.
The collateral contracts are independent oral or written contracts that are made between two parties to a separate agreement or between one of the original parties and a third party.
This type of contract is usually made before or simultaneously with the original contract.
A collateral contract is a secondary agreement added to the original contract that is meant to ensure that the pre-contract promise are met.
Collateral contracts contain terms that conflict with the terms of the primary agreement.
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Piercy, LLC, has identified the following two mutually exclusive projects: Year Cash Flow (A) Cash Flow (B) 0 −$ 68,000 −$ 68,000 1 44,000 30,200 2 38,000 34,200 3 25,000 40,000 4 15,600 24,200 a-1. What is the IRR for each of these projects?
Answer:
IRR for A= 35.33%
IRR for B = 31.88%
Explanation:
Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested
IRR can be calculated using a finacial calculator :
IRR for cash flow A
Cash flow in year 0 = −$ 68,000
Cash flow in year 1 = $44,000
Cash flow in year 2 = $38,000
Cash flow in year 3 = $25,000
Cash flow in year 4 = $15,600
IRR = 35.33%
IRR for cash flow A
Cash flow in year 0 = −$ 68,000
Cash flow in year 1 = $30,200
Cash flow in year 2 = 34,200
Cash flow in year 3 = $40,000
Cash flow in year 4 = $24,200
IRR = 31.88%
To find the IRR using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. After inputting all the cash flows, press the IRR button and then press the compute button
NewTech purchases computer equipment for $154,000 to use in operating activities for the next four years. It estimates the equipment’s salvage value at $25,000.Required:Prepare a table showing depreciation and book value for each of the four years assuming double-declining-balance depreciation.
Answer:
Accumulated depreciation = $129,000
Net book value after years = Salvage value = $25,000
Explanation:
Note: See the attached excel file for the table showing depreciation and book value for each of the four years assuming double-declining-balance depreciation.
Double-declining-balance is a depreciation method in which an asset is depreciated at twice the rate of the straight line depreciation method.
For this question, the depreciation rate can be obtained as follows:
Straight line depreciation rate = 1 / Number of years of operating activities = 1 / 4 = 0.25, or 25%
This can be done as follows:
Double-declining depreciation rate = Straight line depreciation rate * 2 = 25% * 2 = 50%
The 50% double-declining depreciation rate is therefore used in the attached excel file table.
Note that there the depreciation expenses in Year 4 is zero because the asset has already been fully depreciated in year 3 since there is a salvage value of $25,000 that must be maintained at the end of Year 4.
TB MC Qu. 6-75 Kuzio Corporation produces and ... Kuzio Corporation produces and sells a single product. Data concerning that product appear below: Per Unit Percent of Sales Selling price $ 150 100 % Variable expenses 75 50 % Contribution margin $ 75 50 % The company is currently selling 6,500 units per month. Fixed expenses are $184,000 per month. The marketing manager believes that a $7,800 increase in the monthly advertising budget would result in a 190 unit increase in monthly sales. What should be the overall effect on the company's monthly net operating income of this change
Answer:
Effect on income= $6,450 increase
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Contribution margin= $75
The marketing manager believes that a $7,800 increase in the monthly advertising budget would result in a 190 unit increase in monthly sales.
To calculate the effect on income, we need to use the following formula:
Effect on income= increase in contribution margin - increase in fixed costs
Effect on income= 190*75 - 7,800
Effect on income= $6,450 increase
Leslie works as customer service representative for Lighthouse Point Lanterns. Her job is to fulfill customer orders and answer any questions that the customer may have. In order to ensure the best service possible, Lighthouse Point Lanterns makes test phone calls to their customer service representatives and rates their ability to correctly answer customer calls. If Leslie properly handles 80% of the test calls, she will receive a 20% bonus in her next pay check. This is an example of:_________.
Answer:
a performance reward.
Explanation:
A performance reward is a type of employee reward system. Companies generally reward employees in an attempt to motivate them to work more, harder or more efficiently. E.g. a company may reward salespeople that close 100 sales per week, regardless of the type of sales made. This type of reward is based on the gross amount of work carried out by the employee.
In Leslie's case, she is being rewarded for being an efficient employee. The parameter for measuring her efficiency is that 80% of the test calls that she makes are handed properly. She is not rewarded on the number of test calls, but instead on how she handled them.
This is an example of a performance reward if Leslie is going to be rewarded with a 20% bonus for handling 80% of the test calls.
A performance reward is a reward that a customer receives in an organization which is based on how well they have performed in the business.
The reward system here has stated that if Leslie is able to meet up with the target that the business has placed for her to reach she would be rewarded with a bonus of 20% when she receives her next salary.
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