According to estimates, the Great Influenza Epidemic of 1918–20 killed 40 million people, or 2.1 percent of the world's population. A similar pandemic would kill 150 million people worldwide if it struck now.
What was the duration of the influenza pandemic?In three waves that hit in 1918's spring, fall, and winter, the flu pandemic caused the most of its harm. It peaked in the spring of 1919, but some historians contend that a fourth, considerably less destructive wave persisted into 1920.There are only known pandemic-causing influenza type A viruses. Contrary to popular belief, influenza B viruses can be divided into lineages rather than subtypes. The most serious influenza outbreak to occur in the 20th century was the pandemic of 1918–19. The pandemic illness known as the Spanish flu is also what brought on this terrible epidemic.Whether or not people have had a chance to develop immunity to the virus from prior exposure is what distinguishes seasonal flu from pandemic flu. The majority of people have been exposed to the influenza strains that cause seasonal flu because people are exposed to influenza viruses throughout their lifetimes.To learn more about influenza pandemic, refer to:
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Encuentra en la sopa de letras ocho palabras que provienen de una lengua indígena
Here are eight words that come from indigenous languages and are commonly used in English: Alaska, Barbecue, Canoe, Hammock, Kayak, Potlatch, Squash and Totem.
The English language has borrowed a number of words from various indigenous languages spoken around the world. For example, the word "Alaska" comes from the Aleut language spoken in Alaska and eastern Russia. "Barbecue" and "Hammock" comes from the Taino language, which is indigenous to the Caribbean. "Canoe" comes from Arawak, an indigenous language spoken in South America and the Caribbean.
"Kayak" comes from Inuktitut, which is spoken in Canada and parts of Greenland. "Potlatch" comes from Chinook Jargon, a trade language that developed among indigenous peoples in the Pacific Northwest. "Squash" comes from Narragansett, an indigenous language spoken in what is now Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Lastly, "totem" comes from Ojibwe, an indigenous language spoken in Canada and parts of the United States. These loanwords not only showcase the diversity of languages around the world but also provide a glimpse into the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples.
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what connections can you make between the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s and the reconstruction era?
There are several connections that can be made between the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s and the Reconstruction Era that followed the American Civil War in the late 19th century. Some of these connections include:
Struggles for political and legal rights: During Reconstruction, newly freed African Americans were granted legal rights and citizenship, including the right to vote and hold public office. However, these rights were systematically stripped away by white supremacist groups and state governments in the South, leading to a new era of racial segregation and discrimination known as Jim Crow. Similarly, during the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans and their allies fought for political and legal rights, including the right to vote and equal protection under the law, which had been denied to them through discriminatory laws and practices.
Nonviolent resistance: Both the Civil Rights Movement and Reconstruction saw the use of nonviolent resistance as a tactic to achieve political and social change. During Reconstruction, African American communities organized protests and resistance to discriminatory laws and policies, while during the Civil Rights Movement, activists used tactics such as sit-ins, boycotts, and marches to challenge segregation and discrimination.
Opposition from white supremacists: In both eras, there was fierce opposition from white supremacists who sought to maintain their dominance and control over African Americans. During Reconstruction, white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation to prevent African Americans from exercising their rights, while during the Civil Rights Movement, white supremacists used similar tactics to oppose desegregation and civil rights.
The legacy of slavery: Both the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement were deeply influenced by the legacy of slavery and the systemic racism that had been built into American society. The struggle for civil rights and equality was, in many ways, a continuation of the fight for emancipation and the end of slavery.
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although the british won the french and indian war, there were significant challenges ahead. complete the passage to describe some of the issues the british faced after the war.
After the British won the french and indian war, a part of the seven years war, they faced significant economic issues due to the costs of the war.
The British encountered various issues, despite their triumph. The economy of the thirteen colonies had taken a severe blow, which was one of the biggest difficulties they encountered after the war.
The history of the french and indian warThe British found it difficult to impose and enforce the tax legislation that was passed to help finance the expense of the war. The french and indian war was a critical event in the history of the United States.
The war began in 1754 and concluded in 1763, at the end of the seven years war. It was a battle between the british and french over control of land in North America.
The victory of the british over the french gave the british considerable control over land in the United States. The victory over the french and the gain of more land by the british, however, did not imply that the british could control this land quickly or effectively.
The land had already been colonized by the french, so there was a high demand for development and colonization to take place in these areas. There was an economic problem caused by the conflict's costs, as well as the demand for colonizing the new land, and the expense of protecting it from any enemy threats.
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1 ptAt the end of Act III, what does Juliet decide to do?plead with the Prince to lift the decree of Romeo's banishmenttell her parents the truth about her marriagesend a message to Romeo telling him it is not safe to remain in Veronavisit Friar Lawrence to seek his advice
Answer:
1 ptAt the end of Act III, what does Juliet decide to do?plead with the Prince to lift the decree of Romeo's banishmenttell her parents the truth about her marriagesend a message to Romeo telling him it is not safe to remain in Veronavisit Friar Lawrence to seek his advice
Explanation:
At the end of Act III, Juliet decides to send a message to Romeo telling him it is not safe to remain in Verona. This decision is made after she learns from the Nurse that Romeo has killed Tybalt and has been banished from Verona. She is heartbroken and torn between her loyalty to her family and her love for Romeo. Ultimately, she decides to send a message to Romeo through the Nurse, urging him to come to her so they can spend one more night together before he leaves Verona.
¿Qué elementos del texto dramático están presentes en el fragmento anterior Prometeo encadenado?
The elements of dramatic text present in the previous excerpt from Prometheus Bound are dialogue, description, and action.
Dialogue is the conversation between characters, which helps to move the plot forward and reveal information about the characters.
The purpose of the description is to paint a clear image for the reader of the scene, the people involved, and the events that are happening.
The reader can learn about a character's objectives and motivations through their physical actions.
The dialogue between Prometheus and the Chorus reveals details about the characters and the plot, the description of the setting aids in painting a vivid picture, and the action of Prometheus being chained to the rock provides the reader with insight into his motivations.
All of these elements can be found in the excerpt from Prometheus Bound. These dramatic text components are necessary for telling a compelling and potent story.
The question is -
What elements of the dramatic text are present in the previous excerpt from Prometheus Bound?
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During the Meiji Restoration, fought to
as fast as possible and as a result changed its significantly.
Answer: During the Meiji Restoration, Japan fought to modernize as fast as possible and as a result changed its society and economy significantly.
Explanation:
The Meiji Restoration was a period in Japanese history that began in 1868 and lasted until 1912. It marked the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Meiji. During this time, Japan underwent a series of rapid reforms and modernization efforts, including the adoption of Western-style institutions, education, technology, and industry. These changes allowed Japan to transform itself into a modern nation and emerge as a major player on the world stage.
Los venecianos exportaron _______________ a los otomanos. Generalmente se tejían en otras ciudades como ___________ queEneran tan valiosos porque su color permanecía vibrante. Esto se debe a que fueron teñidos con un químico llamado alumbre, que se encontraba principalmente en Anatolia, ubicado en ___________________ ___________________. Ayuda por favor es para hoy
The Venetians exported Textiles to the Ottomans. They were usually woven in other cities like Florence which were so valuable because their color remained vibrant. This is because they were dyed with a chemical called alum, which was found mainly in Anatolia, located at Ottoman Empire .
We cannot survive without them because we are traders, as a Venetian envoy put it. The Venetians purchased from the Ottomans completed items like soap, paper, and textiles, while the Ottomans bought from the Venetians wheat, spices, raw silk, cotton, and ash (used to make glass).
Through trade lines that originated in the salt trade, the republic of Venice produced and exchanged premium salt, salted goods, and other goods. The Venetians took over the salt trade from other salt manufacturing centres nearby Venice and established a monopoly in the supply of salt to Italy.
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The correct question is :
The Venetians exported _______________ to the Ottomans. They were usually woven in other cities like ___________ which were so valuable because their color remained vibrant. This is because they were dyed with a chemical called alum, which was found mainly in Anatolia, located at ___________________ .
list three leaders of the Haitian revolution
Answer:
1. Toussaint Louverture,
2. Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and
3. Henri Christophe
Explanation:
1. Toussaint Louverture: He was a former slave who rose to become the leader of the Haitian Revolution. He was a brilliant military strategist who played a pivotal role in the victory against the French. He was known for his tactical abilities and his vision for a free Haiti.
2. Jean-Jacques Dessalines: He was a former slave who became a prominent general in the Haitian Revolution. After the death of Toussaint Louverture, he took over the leadership of the revolution and became the first ruler of independent Haiti. He is known for his role in the Battle of Vertieres, which led to the defeat of the French forces.
3. Henri Christophe: He was a former slave who also played a prominent role in the Haitian Revolution. He was a skilled military strategist who played a key role in the Battle of Vertieres. After the revolution, he became the king of Haiti and established a powerful monarchy that lasted for over a decade.
Answer:
1. Toussaint Louverture
2. Jean-Jacques Dessalines
3. Henri Christophe
Why did societies not advance during the Dark Ages? Select all that apply.
A During the Dark Ages their were aggressive invasions which made for a hostile environment.
B There was not a hostile environment and the Dark Ages did not really exist.
C Traveling through regions was not safe because of a hostile environment.
D Due to a hostile environment, there was no trade of culture, goods, and technology.
How did President Harding start the U.S. on the path toward the Great Depression?
He slowed down the transition from war production to domestic production.
He focused Americans on business rather than improving society.
He began the trend of deregulating big business.
He wanted to keep business on a "normal" path of slow growth.
Answer:
b) he began the trend of deregulating big business
Members of Congress who have adopted the delegate role of representation normally cast their votes based on which of the following?a. The preferences of the majority of their constituents.
b. Their judgment of what is best for their constituency.
c.The instructions of their political party’s leadership.
d. The advice of congressional staffers and political consultants.
Members of Congress who have adopted the delegate role of representation normally cast their votes based on the preferences of the majority of their constituents. Option A is the correct answer.
This means that they see their role as a representative of the people who elected them, and they believe that their job is to act as a mouthpiece for the views and opinions of their constituents. As such, they would seek to reflect the majority views of their constituency in their voting patterns and decision-making processes.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
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according to the textbook the war crimes trial serves other purposes what was the purpose holocaust
Answer:
I don't know what your textbook says, but War Crimes Trials serve as a deterrent to others, they will be scared to commit such crimes, as they know that they will be prosecuted eventually if they do.
Explanation:
what was the policy of racial discrimination and segregation in south africa during the 20th century known as?
Apartheid was the policy of racial discrimination and segregation in south africa during the 20th century. Christian religion was used as validation of the Segregation regime.
In the nation of Southern Africa and the west coast of Africa, there existed an arrangement of organized ethnic partitioning known as apartheid. Separating individuals based on racial prejudice or cultural criteria is the basis of apartheid, a policy. During the time when a white population controlled South Africa, the inhuman apartheid system was applied all over the area. It imposed ethnic discrimination against people of color, primarily based on their skin tone and facial characteristics. Christian religion was used as validation of the Segregation regime d.uring that time, as well as a major source of inspiration for those engaged in the fight.
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13. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is an agency created by the U.S. Congress to
monitor and assist financial private institutions to protect consumers. This agency fulfills which
function of government?
A. provide economic assistance
B. provide economic security
C. provide leadership
D. provide national security
Answer:
Explanation:
4
albert speer list 7 fast facts about his life and role during the holocaust. what is controversial about him?
Albert Speer was a German architect, politician, and senior Nazi official who played a significant role in the Nazi regime. Speer's legacy is controversial because of his involvement in the Holocaust, and many scholars have debated whether he was truly ignorant of the genocide or was simply trying to protect himself from prosecution.
Albert Speer was born on March 19, 1905, in Mannheim, Germany, and died on September 1, 1981.He was a talented architect and urban planner who designed several buildings for the Nazi regime, including the Reich Chancellery.He was appointed as Adolf Hitler's chief architect in 1933 and was later promoted to the position of Minister of Armaments and War Production in 1942.Speer was responsible for the construction of concentration camps, and his department employed forced laborers from concentration camps for the production of war materials during World War II.After World War II, he was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials in 1946.Speer expressed remorse for his actions during the Holocaust and apologized for his role in the Nazi regime.Speer's legacy is controversial because of his involvement in the Holocaust, and many scholars have debated whether he was truly ignorant of the genocide or was simply trying to protect himself from prosecution.
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Panhandle definition
Answer:
NORTH AMERICAN
narrow strip of territory projecting from the main territory of one state into another. Eg: "the Oklahoma Panhandle"INFORMAL
beg in the street. Eg: "she went back to the streets to panhandle for money"Hope this helps!
White elites at St. Domingue were angered when the National Assembly in France granted political rights to whom in 1791?
The white elites at St. Domingue were angered when the National Assembly in France granted political rights to free people of color in 1791.
St. Domingue was a French colony situated on the western side of the Hispaniola Island from 1659 to 1804. It is now known as Haiti. The colony was the wealthiest colony of France, and it was the home to white elites who owned numerous plantations and slaves.
What were the demands of the slaves?The slaves who were a large part of the St. Domingue society demanded freedom, and they got their first chance in August 1791 when they rebelled against their slave owners. The St. Domingue slaves formed a revolutionary force that was opposed to the French colonizers.
The white elites at St. Domingue reacted angrily to the National Assembly of France granting political rights to free people of color in 1791. The political rights were the right to vote, and the white elites did not want the free people of color to have them. They were opposed to any efforts to change the St. Domingue society's social classes.
In conclusion, the white elites at St. Domingue were angered when the National Assembly in France granted political rights to free people of color in 1791. The white elites did not want the free people of color to have the right to vote, and they were opposed to any changes in the social classes of St. Domingue society.
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What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe?
a. poor crop yields
b. industrialization
c. improved living conditions in cities
d. more efficient transportation systems
Option-B: The main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe was industrialization.
Urbanization is a term that describes the movement of people from rural to urban areas. Urbanization refers to the process of population migration from rural areas to cities in search of better living standards, job opportunities, and modern amenities. In the early nineteenth century, urbanization began in Great Britain, and it spread across Europe and North America over the next century.The main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe was industrialization.
The Industrial Revolution in Britain in the 18th century and the following developments led to a significant change in the nature of cities and towns. Urbanization, like industrialization, began in Great Britain and then spread to other parts of Europe.The transition from a pre-industrial to an industrial economy led to a massive population movement from rural to urban areas in search of employment opportunities. Cities became centers of industry, trade, and commerce, and rural regions became more reliant on the urban economy. Thus,the correct answer is option-B.
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The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments?a. European states using their control over maritime trade routes to impoverish non-European societiesb. European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societiesc. European states taking advantage of religious conflicts in non-European societies to expand their influenced. European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries can primarily be explained in the context of European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power. This was done through advances in naval power and weapons, which allowed European powers to assert their dominance through sea and land. In addition, the Industrial Revolution brought with it new technologies and weaponry which gave European countries the upper hand in global conflicts. These advances in technology and military power allowed European countries to expand their empires by conquering non-European societies and by establishing political, economic, and cultural dominance.
The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies.The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies.What is the joint-stock company?A joint-stock company is a business structure that was created to reduce the risks and costs associated with starting a business in the 16th century. It is similar to a modern-day corporation in that it allows individuals to pool their capital resources to establish a larger, more stable business. This makes the organization more stable because it spreads the risk among multiple investors, increasing the chance that it will be able to meet its financial obligations.When it comes to European states and their expansion, joint-stock companies were used to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies. In the 16th century, European colonial powers used joint-stock companies to gain a foothold in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.The same approach was used by Russia as it expanded its empire in the late 18th and 19th centuries. Peter the Great, in particular, launched numerous companies to attract foreign investors and promote international trade, with the ultimate goal of strengthening Russia's economy and expanding its territorial control. As a result of these policies, the Russian Empire was able to expand its control over Central Asia, Siberia, and the Caucasus.
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Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were ______ they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.
Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were more popular than they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.
What were T. Washington's ideas?Booker T. Washington was an educator, speaker, and writer who founded Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, which is now Tuskegee University, in Tuskegee, Alabama.
Washington was a significant figure in the African American community during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and he was well-known for his advocacy for racial uplift and educational development.
In his speech, he proposed that Southern whites and African Americans should work together to build a self-sufficient Southern economy in which blacks and whites would be equal but separate.
This meant that African Americans should concentrate on acquiring practical skills, especially in agriculture and industrial trades, rather than fighting for full civil rights and social equality.
So, Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were more popular than they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.
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The Federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 has certain exemptions. Which of the following activities fall under one of the exemptions?
A. Refusing to show homes to a couple based on their race.
B. Refusing to sell a listed property to a Russian family using the services of a real estate broker.
C. Refusing to lease a unit in a large apartment building to a family with five children.
D. Excluding certain tenants in a four-family dwelling where one unit is owner-occupied and the
The Pendleton Act of 1883, the first piece of federal legislation to begin breaking down the spoils system, created a bipartisan ________ commission to supervise the federal job application process.
The Pendleton Act of 1883, the first piece of federal legislation to begin breaking down the spoils system, created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise the federal job application process.
The Pendleton Act of 1883, also known as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, was passed by the US Congress in response to public outcries over the patronage or "spoils" system that had long dominated federal appointments. It established the US Civil Service Commission to oversee federal appointments in the hope of ensuring that individuals who were employed in the federal government were qualified and deserving of their positions.
Bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise federal job application process. The act established a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise the federal job application process. The Commission was made up of three commissioners, each of whom served a six-year term.
The Commission's responsibility was to oversee the implementation of the civil service system, which provided for the selection of qualified individuals for government jobs through competitive examinations, rather than through the spoils system.
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which underlying cause of world war I does the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand of austria represent?
The underlying cause of World War I that the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria represents is the system of alliances.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28, 1914, is one of the most well-known events leading up to the outbreak of World War I.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was just the spark that ignited the already smoldering tensions between the European nations, thanks to their tangled web of alliances. This triggered the First World War, which lasted from 1914 to 1918.
The war resulted in the loss of many lives and resources, as well as the destruction of infrastructure, and had a significant impact on world history.
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In the postwar period, the GDP increased as businesses produced more goods for
Answer: rebuilding efforts and consumer demand. The growth of suburban areas also led to an increase in home construction, and the expansion of the automobile industry led to the creation of new jobs. The GI Bill provided educational and housing benefits for veterans, which helped to fuel economic growth. Additionally, the Cold War led to increased government spending on defense and technological development, which further stimulated economic growth.
Explanation:
what year was softball nationally recognized as an official sport?
Softball was nationally recognized as an official sport in the United States in 1933, with the founding of the Amateur Softball Association (ASA). Since then, it has become its own international governing body.
Softball was nationally recognized as an official sport in 1933, when the Amateur Softball Association (ASA) was founded in the United States. The ASA was established to oversee and promote the sport of softball and has since become one of the largest sports organizations in the country. Softball has since become a popular sport worldwide, with its own international governing body, the World Baseball Softball Confederation.
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what does president coolidge’s perspective on capitalism and the role of the president demonstrate about republican party policy in the 1920s and its relationship with the progressivism of the early twentieth century?
President Coolidge's perspective on capitalism and the role of the president reflected the Republican Party's policy of laissez-faire capitalism and its rejection of progressivism in the early twentieth century.
What does President Coolidge’s perspective on capitalism and the role of the president demonstrate about republican party policy in the 1920s and its relationship with the progressivism of the early twentieth century?President Calvin Coolidge's perspective on capitalism and the role of the president in the 1920s demonstrates the Republican Party's policy of laissez-faire capitalism, which emphasized limited government intervention in the economy. Coolidge believed in the concept of "rugged individualism" and the idea that the government should not interfere with the free market. He opposed the regulation of business, supported tax cuts for the wealthy, and believed that prosperity would trickle down to the rest of society.
This view represented a rejection of the progressivism of the early twentieth century, which called for government intervention to address social and economic problems. Progressives believed that government had a responsibility to promote the general welfare of its citizens, regulate industry, and protect workers' rights. However, the Republican Party of the 1920s rejected these ideas and instead focused on promoting business growth and limiting government involvement.
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4. What is the author's main purpose in the text?
O A. to criticize banks for their unfair practices in
lending
OB. to teach about the history of redlining and how it
became illegal
C. to highlight a difficult time in history and how its
impacted everyday life
O D. to explain redlining and how new discriminatory
practices cause problems today
The author's main purpose in the text was to D. to explain redlining and how new discriminatory practices cause problems today.
What is redlining ?Redlining is a discriminatory practice that has had long-term consequences in American communities. This technique, which involves denying individuals living in specific areas services like as loans and insurance, was used to separate communities based on race and ethnicity.
These concerns continue to contribute to structural inequality and influence the lives of millions of Americans, particularly those from disadvantaged and underrepresented populations.
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Text is:
Redlining is a discriminatory practice that has had lasting effects on communities in the United States. Today, the effects of redlining can still be seen in the form of persistently segregated neighborhoods, lack of access to financial services, and disparities in educational and economic opportunities.
Ticket: Think about what you learned today about the labor unions and the efforts to improve working
onditions in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Based on what you learned, what do you think are some of the most
important lessons we can learn from this time period about the importance of workers' rights and fair labor
eractices?
One of the first national unions in the 1880s was the Knights of Labor. Fast rise was immediately followed by a quick drop. After all, the after all, the after all, the (sometimes called the AFL). In 1886, Sam Gompers founded the American Football League.
What were labor unions primarily working toward by the turn of the 20th century?But in the late nineteenth-century American labor movement, "industrial unions" were the main player. They wanted to bring all workers in a certain industry together, regardless of skill level. Discrimination based on race or national origin was frequently prohibited.
Are labor rights important?Labor law seeks to achieve power balance between the employer and the employee by, among other things, prohibiting an employer from firing a worker without cause, creating and upholding procedures that permit workers to be acknowledged as "equal" partners in discussions about their working conditions, and other objectives.
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3. What threats does Gen. Scott make to the Cherokee?
The Shocking Cynicism Behind the Voyage of the “St. Louis” and Its Ship Full of Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany
What does the author say are the first two planks in US refugee policy?
What is the author referring to when he says, "And if a few thousand Nazi collaborators ended up in the US refugee potpourri, better them than Jews, who belonged in Palestine?"
What is the "shocking cynicism" that the author refers to in the title of the article?
We can see when the author says, "And if a few thousand Nazi collaborators ended up in the US refugee potpourri, better them than Jews, who belonged in Palestine?", he is referring to the fact that US immigration policy during World War II prioritized admitting refugees who were deemed to be of "desirable" backgrounds, such as those with skills or those who had family members in the US.
Who is an author?An author is a person who writes a book, article, or any other form of written work. They may write fiction or non-fiction, poetry, plays, or other types of literature.
The author is responsible for creating the content of the written work and for conveying a message, telling a story, or sharing information with the reader.
The "shocking cynicism" that the author refers to in the title of the article is the way in which US refugee policy during World War II prioritized excluding Jewish refugees, even when it was clear that they were facing persecution and death in Europe. The author argues that the US government was more concerned with preserving its own interests than with helping those in need.
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