Based upon the following diagram, propose a possible identity for atoms X and Y. Explain your answer in terms of the periodic table and ionic bonding. Lastly, explain why the atoms bond in this ratio.
Answers
Answer:
Up until now we have been discussing only the elemental forms of atoms which are neutrally charged. This is because the number of electrons (negative in charge) is equal to the number of protons (positive in charge). The overall charge on the atom is zero, because the magnitude of the negative charge is the same as the magnitude of the positive charge. This one-to-one ratio of charges is not, however, the most common state for many elements. Deviations from this ratio result in charged particles called ions.
Throughout nature, things that are high in energy tend to move toward lower energy states. Lower energy configurations are more stable, so things are naturally drawn toward them. For atoms, these lower energy states are represented by the noble gas elements. These elements have electron configurations characterized by full s and p subshells. This makes them stable and unreactive. They are already at a low energy state, so they tend to stay as they are.
The elements in the other groups have subshells that are not full, so they are unstable when compared to the noble gases. This instability drives them toward the lower energy states represented by the noble gases that are nearby in the periodic table. In these lower energy states, the outermost energy level has eight electrons (an “octet”). The tendency of an atom toward a configuration in which it possesses eight valence electrons is referred to as the “Octet Rule.”
There are two ways for an atom that does not have an octet of valence electrons to obtain an octet in its outer shell. One way is the transfer of electrons between two atoms until both atoms have octets. Because some atoms will lose electrons and some atoms will gain electrons, there is no overall change in the number of electrons, but with the transfer of electrons the individual atoms acquire a nonzero electric charge. Those that lose electrons become positively charged, and those that gain electrons become negatively charged. Recall that atoms carrying positive or negative charges are called ions. If an atom has gained one or more electrons, it is negatively charged and is called an anion. If an atom has lost one or more electrons, it is positively charged and is called a cation. Because opposite charges attract (while like charges repel), these oppositely charged ions attract each other, forming ionic bonds. The resulting compounds are called ionic compounds.
The second way for an atom to obtain an octet of electrons is by sharing electrons with another atom. These shared electrons simultaneously occupy the outermost shell of both atoms. The bond made by electron sharing is called a covalent bond. Covalent bonding and covalent compounds will be discussed in Chapter 4 “Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds”.
At the end of chapter 2, we learned how to draw the electron dot symbols to represent the valence electrons for each of the elemental families. This skill will be instrumental in learning about ions and ionic bonding. Looking at Figure 3.1, observe the Noble Gas family of elements. The electron dot symbol for the Nobel Gas family clearly indicates that the valence electron shell is completely full with an octet of electrons. If you look at the other families, you can see how many electrons they will need to gain or lose to reach the octet state. Above, we noted that elements are the most stable when they can reach the octet state. However, it should also be noted that housing excessively high negative or positive charge is unfavorable. Thus, elements will reach the octet state and also maintain the lowest charge possible. You will note that for the IA, IIA, IIIA and transition metals groups, it is more economical to lose electrons (1-3 electrons) from their valence shells to reach the octet state, rather than to gain 5-7 electrons. Similarly main group columns VA, VIA, and VIIA tend to gain electrons (1-3) to complete their octet, rather than losing 5-7 electrons. Some atoms, like carbon, are directly in the middle. These atoms don’t like to gain or lose electrons, but tend to favor the sharing model of chemical bonding. The remaining sections of this chapter will focus on the formation of ions and the resulting ionic compounds.
Explanation:
Related Questions
A + 2 B + 4 C → products is known to be second order in A, first order in B and independent of the concentration of C. What is the value of the rate constant for this reaction if its rate is 0.783 M · s−1 when [A] = 5.00 M, [B] = 7.00 M, and [C] = 3.00 M? −2 −1 Answerinunitsof M ·s .
Answers
Answer:
4.47 × 10⁻³ M⁻² s⁻¹
Explanation:
Let's consider the following generic equation.
A + 2 B + 4 C → products
This reaction is known to be second order in A, first order in B and independent of the concentration of C (zero order in C). The rate law is:
rate = k × [A]² × [B] × [C]⁰
rate = k × [A]² × [B]
where k is the rate constant
When the rate is 0.783 M/s, [A] = 5.00 M, [B] = 7.00 M, and [C] = 3.00 M, the rate constant is:
k = rate / [A]² × [B]
k = 0.783 M/s / (5.00)² × (7.00) = 4.47 × 10⁻³ M⁻² s⁻¹
4. What is a renewable resource? List some examples.
Answers
Answer:
Renewable resources include biomass energy (such as ethanol), hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, and solar energy. Biomass refers to organic material from plants or animals. This includes wood, sewage, and ethanol (which comes from corn or other plants).
five examples of renewable resources
Solar energy.
Wind energy.
Geothermal energy.
Hydropower.
Bioenergy.
I hope it help you
Answer:
The most popular renewable energy sources
currently are
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydro energy
Tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Biomass energy
Which of the following statements is true?
a. ΔHfus = ΔHsolid
b. ΔHfus = –ΔHsolid
c. Hfus is always negative.
d. ΔHsolid is always positive.
Answers
Answer:
c. Hfus is always negative.
Explanation:
Because energy is released when fusing solids
Use mathematics to prove that the 5.50 grams of salicylic acid (C7H6O3) used in this experiment is equal to 0.04 mol.
Answers
Answer:
Please find the answer to the question below
Explanation:
In chemistry, the following mathematical formula is used to calculate the number of moles contained by a substance:
mole = mass of substance (g)/molar mass of substance (g/mol)
Molar mass of salicylic acid (C7H6O3) = 12(7) + 1(6) + 16(3)
= 84 + 6 + 48
= 138g/mol
Mass = 5.50grams
mole = 5.5/138
mole = 0.039
Approximately, the number of moles of 5.5grams of salicylic acid is 0.04moles. This is in accordance with the mole value (0.04) given in this question.
A. 2 pts: In terms of conservation of mass, what were the results of each experiment (which one conserved mass and which one did not)?
B. 4 pts: PROVIDE a SPECIFIC explanation for "why" the results in both videos were different.
. 2 pts: Discuss differences in the experimental steps between the two videos (for example what was done in video one that was not done in
video two, why would this make a difference in conserving mass?)
• 2 pts: Look at both chemical equations (below for convenience), what difference in the type of products would have contributed to the
differences in why one conserved mass and one did not?
REACTION 1: Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2K1 (aq) --> 2KNO3 (aq) +Pölz (s)
• REACTION 2: NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(aq) → CO2(g) + H2Om + CH3COONa(aq)
Answers
Answer:
dftdffdgxrdfdrdxxxxdddddddddddddeeertdffddy
Which of the following best describes an electron transition?
A. An electron gains or loses energy and moves between continuous
energy levels.
B. An electron gains or loses charge and changes into a proton or a
neutron.
C. An electron gains or loses energy and moves between quantized
energy levels.
D. An atom gains or loses an electron and becomes an ion.
Answers
Answer:
A. An electron gains or loses energy and moves between continuous
energy levels.
Tenisha solved the equation below by graphing a system of equations. help!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
(1.0, 1.4)
Explanation:
Graph the two equations [tex]\log_3 5x[/tex] and [tex]\log_5 (2x+8)[/tex]. The point of intersection is the solution to the system of equations.
Graph on Desmos:
[tex]\log_3 5x\implies \text{Red},\\\log_5 (2x+8)\implies \text{Blue}[/tex]
Joelle is a manager at a construction company, and she is interested in the chemistry behind the materials they use. She has begun studying the materials used to fill walls. She knows that to keep the temperature inside a room steady the material must be a thermal insulator, and she predicts that materials should not be acidic or else they would dissolve too easily in water.
Which of these is a molecular ingredient that could be used in a wall-filling material ?
C27H36N2O10
Na6Ba6
NeNa
HCl
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
A molecular ingredient that could be used in a wall-filling material is C₂₇H₃₆N₂O₁₀, is not a good thermal insulator, hence option A is correct.
The big molecule C₂₇H₃₆N₂O₁₀ is a poor thermal insulator. Since NeNa is a relatively reactive chemical, it would probably dissolve in water far too quickly. The acidic molecule HCl would dissolve far too quickly in water.
Not a good thermal insulator is C₂₇H₃₆N₂O₁₀. It is a big molecule composed of a lot of hydrogen atoms. Since hydrogen atoms are excellent heat conductors, they would be ineffective in stopping heat from passing through a material used to fill a wall.
Thus, the option (A) C₂₇H₃₆N₂O₁₀ is correct.
Learn more about thermal insulator, here:
https://brainly.com/question/23134662
#SPJ6
Which two laws were discovered by Antoine Lavoisier and Joseph Proust?
Answers
Please help, only a couple of days left!!!
Answers
Answer:
the heat from the universe during the big bang
a.k.a.
ITS A
Explanation:
the universe is still expanding, so what is gonna be used to create that new matter that's expanding the universe? energy and heat from the beginning of the universe! the universe started off as this point that was probably smaller than a quantum foam and infinite heat and started expanding from there
Sodium-22 has a 2.605-year half-life. If you begin with 1.570 grams of Na-22, how many grams are left after 1.00 year?
Type the correct answer in the box. Express your answer to the correct number of significant figures.
Answers
Answer:
1.20 grams
Explanation:
Correct on edmentum/plato
Answer: 1.20 grams
Explanation:
Given the structural formula: This compound is classified as an
Answers
Answer:
A.) aldehyde is the answer
From the given structural formula, the compound is ethanamide and thus, belongs to the group of amides. Thus, the correct option is B.
Amide is a functional group of organic compounds having an acyl group (R-C=O) linked to amine group (-NR¹R² where R¹ and R² are hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups). The amide functional group is given as -CON= (not double bond with N, but two distinct single bonds).
Amides can be classified into the following types depending on the moiety attached to nitrogen other than the carbonyl carbon:
1. Primary amides - amide in which the nitrogen atoms is attached to two hydrogen atoms
2. Secondary amides - in which the nitrogen atom is attached to one hydrogen and one alkyl group.
3. Tertiary amides - in which the nitrogen atom is attached to two alkyl groups.
Learn more about amides in:
https://brainly.com/question/29595493
#SPJ2
Consider the following intermediate chemical equations.
CH2(g) →C(s) + 2H2(g)
CC1.(g) → C(s) +2012(g)
H2(g) +C12(g) → 2HCl(9)
ΔH, = 74.6 kJ
ΔH2 = 95.7 kJ
ΔΗ =
ΔHg =-92.3 kJ
What is the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction CH (g) +4012(g) → CCl4(h)+ 4HCl(g)?
Answers
Answer: The enthalpy of the overall chemical equation is -205.7 kJ
Explanation:
Hess's law is defined as the law which states that the total amount of heat absorbed or released for a given chemical reaction will remain the same whether the process occurs in one step or several steps.
In this law, a chemical equation is treated as an ordinary algebraic expression that can be added or subtracted to yield the required overall equation.
The enthalpy change or heat of the overall reaction is the summation of the enthalpies or heats of the intermediate reactions involved in the process.
The given overall chemical equation follows:
[tex]CH_4(g)+4Cl_2(g)\rightarrow CCl_4(g)+4HCl(g);\Delta H^o_{rxn}[/tex]
The intermediate equations for the above reaction are:
(1) [tex]CH_4(g)\rightarrow C(s)+2H_2(g);\Delta H_1=74.6 kJ[/tex]
(2) [tex]CCl_4(g)\rightarrow C(s)+2Cl_2(g);\Delta H_2=95.7kJ[/tex]
(3) [tex]H_2(g)+Cl_2(g)\rightarrow 2HCl(g);\Delta H_3=-92.3kJ[/tex]
According to Hess law, the enthalpy of the reaction becomes:
[tex]\Delta H^o_{rxn}=[1\times (\Delta H_1)] + [1\times (-\Delta H_2)] + [2\times (\Delta H_3)][/tex]
Putting values in above expression, we get:
[tex]\Delta H^o_{rxn}=[1\times (74.6)] + [1\times (-95.7)] + [2\times (-92.3)]\\\\\Delta H^o_{rxn}=-205.7kJ[/tex]
Hence, the enthalpy of the overall chemical equation is -205.7 kJ
How are liquid water, ice, water different from each other?
Answers
Answer: In liquid water, water molecules are moving faster. They are still close together, but they are no longer stuck in a rigid pattern as they are in ice. Water molecules in liquid water are constantly sliding past and bumping into each other; they keep moving from one place to another.
Answer:
they are different forms
Explanation:
ice is solid
and water is liquid
they also have different densities
Por qué razón se fomenta la inmigración Europea?
Answers
Hola aquí va la respuesta!
Se fomentó la inmigración europea porque la economía no era buena y vinieron a Paraguay para mejorar su situación.
Hola aquí va la respuesta!
Se fomentó la inmigración europea porque la economía no era buena y vinieron a Paraguay para mejorar su situación.
Which question would most likely be studied by a biologist?
A.
How can a drug that treats cancer be synthesized?
B.
How can cancer-causing substances be regulated?
C.
How much ultraviolet radiation passes through the atmosphere?
D.
What causes cancer cells to grow uncontrollably?
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer would be - D. What causes cancer cells to grow uncontrollably?
Explanation:
A Biologist is a person that studies living organisms and the study of living organisms and their process called biology. Biology is a very vast field that involves many branches such as zoology, botany, biochemistry, immunology, biophysics, anatomy, ecology and many more.
So, given all are can be an example of the study biology wanted to do, however, the question most likely studied by a biologist would be What causes cancer cells to grow uncontrollably as it deals with an organism and their biological process.
Briefly explain why adding insulation to an attic helps reduce heating costs.
Answers
Answer:
Insulation reduces the exchange of heat through a surface such as a wall, attic, duct or roof. In a well-insulated home, less warm air escapes from the house during the winter, and less cool air escapes during the summer, reducing the amount of energy needed for heating and cooling
Find the surface area of a square pyramid with side length 5 cm and slant height 4 cm.
Answers
Answer:
h = height
s = slant height
a = side length
P = perimeter of base
e = lateral edge length
r = a/2
V = volume
L = lateral surface area
B = base surface area
A = total surface area
Explanation:
Volume of a square pyramid:
V = (1/3)a2h
Slant Height of a square pyramid:
By the pythagorean theorem we know that
s2 = r2 + h2
since r = a/2
s2 = (1/4)a2 + h2, and
s = √(h2 + (1/4)a2)
This is also the height of a triangle side
Lateral Surface Area of a square pyramid (4 isosceles triangles):
For the isosceles triangle Area = (1/2)Base x Height. Our base is side length a and for this calculation our height for the triangle is slant height s. With 4 sides we need to multiply by 4.
L = 4 x (1/2)as = 2as = 2a√(h2 + (1/4)a2)
Squaring the 2 to get it back inside the radical,
L = a√(a2 + 4h2)
Base Surface Area of a square pyramid (square):
B = a2
Total Surface Area of a square pyramid:
A = L + B = a2 + a√(a2 + 4h2))
A = a(a + √(a2 + 4h2))
What is the delta H when 72.0 grams H2O condenses at 100.00C?
Here are some constants that you MAY need.
specific heats heat of fusion heat of vaporization
H2O(s) = 2.1 J/g0C 6.01 kJ/mole 40.7 kJ/mole
H2O(L) = 4.18 J/g0C
H2O(g) = 1.7 J/g0C
2930 kJ
163 kJ
-163 kJ
-2930 kJ
Answers
Answer: The value of [tex]\Delta H[/tex] is -163 kJZ
Explanation:
The number of moles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a substance to its molar mass. The equation used is:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ......(1)
We are given:
Given mass of water = 72.0 g
Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of water}=\frac{72.0g}{18g/mol}\\\\\text{Moles of water}=4mol[/tex]
Calculating the heat released for the condensation process:
[tex]\Delta H=n\times \Delta H_{(vap)}[/tex] ......(2)
where,
[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = amount of heat released
n = number of moles of water = 4 moles
[tex]\Delta H_{(vap)}[/tex] = specific heat of vaporization = -40.7 kJ/mol
Negative sign represents the amount of heat released.
Putting values in equation 2:
[tex]\Delta H=4mol\times (-40.7kJ/mol)=-163kJ[/tex]
Hence, the value of [tex]\Delta H[/tex] is -163 kJ
an engineer chooses to use bamboo as a building material because it grows quickly and needs little space to grow. This is an example of?
Answers
Answer: This is an example of Green Design
Green design can be described as a method in which any building project is made by minimizing the harmful effects of construction on humans and environment. Green design is a sustainable design which is better for the economy too. In a green design, eco- friendly materials are used for construction works.
In the scenario discussed in the question, an engineer is using bamboo as a building material due to its eco- friendly features. Hence, it is an example of green design.
Answer:
A) This is an example of Green Design
Explanation:
calculate the molecular weight of CaCO3.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
CaCO3 = 1*Ca + 1*C + 3*O
=1*40 + 1*12 + 3*16
=40 + 12 + 48
=100 amu
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ELECTRIC CURRENT PASSES THROUGH ACIDIFIED WATER.
Answers
Answer:
When an electric current is passed through acidified water, it decomposes to give hydrogen and oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas is obtained at the cathode and the oxygen gas is obtained at the anode
What is the pH of a solution?
O A. A measure of the strength of the acid
B. A measure of the buffering ability of the solution
O c. A measure of the hydrogen gas concentration
O D. A measure of the acidity of the solution
Answers
Answer:
D. A measure of the acidity of the solution
Explanation:
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, and is measured on a scale from 0-14, where 7 is neutral, anything less than 7 is acidic, and anything more than 7 is basic.
The metric system is also known as the
Answers
Answer:
THE answer is all of above
Explanation:
Chemistry 1 question please help!! 10 points
Answers
Answer:
3
Explanation:
its the 3 one it is
Which of the following could possibly be true about a strong acid? (Check all that apply:).
It will completely dissociate (break apart) when dissolved in water.
It could have a pH of 6
It could have a pH of 13
Only a few of the acid molecules will dissociate (break apart).
It could have a pH of 2.
It could have a pH of 9
Answers
Answer:
it could have a pH of 2 it will completely dissociate when dissolved in waterWhich defines the word planet?
A. A large body that revolves around the Moon.
B. A large body suitable for life.
C. A large body that contains water and land.
D. A large body that revolves around the Sun.
Answers
Answer:
I think it's D cause one of the requirements for a planet is that it has to revolve around a star
Which is the best reason to carry out scientific research on climate change?
A. To help people prepare for the future
O B. To create jobs for scientists
C. To elect better-informed politicians
D. To win political debates
Answers
Which is the best reason to carry out scientific research on climate change?
A. To help people prepare for the future
B.To create jobs for scientists ☑️C. To elect better-informed politicians
D. To win political debates
Answer:
to create jobs for scientists
Which of the following statements is correct about electrical insulators?
A. They do not contain any atoms.
B. Their protons are not allowed to move about freely.
C. The electrons are not able to move about freely.
D. They are good at conducting heat only.
Answers
Answer:
the answer is C in my opinion.. hope this might be helpful
What happens when an unstable nucleus undergoes radioactive decay?
A. Electrons change energy levels to balance the nucleus.
B. Energy is absorbed by the nucleus to make it more stable.
O C. Particles or electromagnetic radiation are emitted.
D. The nucleus increases in mass through radioactive decay.
