Automatic stabilizers are mechanisms in the economy that automatically adjust fiscal policy (taxation and government spending) in response to changes in economic output.
During a recession, when economic output decreases, automatic stabilizers lead to a decrease in tax revenue and an increase in government spending.
The first option you provided, "cut taxes to encourage consumer spending, which would minimize the effects of the recession," is an example of discretionary fiscal policy, which refers to conscious decisions made by the government to alter fiscal policy in order to influence economic activity.
The second option you provided, "invest in public infrastructure that promotes employment and stimulates the economy," is also an example of discretionary fiscal policy.
The third option you provided, "cut government spending to equal tax revenue, possibly magnifying the effects of a recession," is not an appropriate discretionary approach during a recession, as it could potentially magnify the negative effects of the recession by reducing overall aggregate demand.
The fourth option you provided, "increase government spending to stimulate the economy, causing an increase in overall aggregate demand," is an appropriate discretionary approach during a recession, as it can help to stimulate the economy by increasing overall aggregate demand and potentially offsetting the negative effects of the recession.
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on january 1, forward company issues bonds that have a $22,000 par value, mature in 4 years, and pay 8% interest per year. interest payments are paid to bondholders semiannually on june 30 and december 31. how much interest does forward company pay to bondholders every six months if the bonds are sold at par?
Th interest that Forward company would pay bondholders every six months is $880.
What is the interest that would be paid every six months?A bond is a debt instrument that is used by firms to raise the capital that is needed for business activities. People who purchase bonds are known as bondholders.
Bondholders receive interest at regular predetermined time intervals. Interest is the compensation that is received by the bondholders for giving the borrower their funds. The interest received is a function of the interest rate and the par value of the bond. At the maturity of the bond, the bondholder is paid back the par value of the bond.
Interest = (interest rate / 2) x par value
Interest = (8% / 2) x 22,000
Interest = 4% x 22,000
Interest = 0.04 x 22,000
Interest = $880
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look at the data. if the bank of springfield is holding on to no excess reserves, and all other banks have the same reserve ratio, then what is the value of the money multiplier?
the value of the Multiplier is 12.5
What is reserve ratio?
According to the instructions of the central bank, the reserve ratio is the portion of deposits that commercial banks must retain in cash.
Reserve Ratio = Reserves / Deposits = 19,200 / 240,000
= 0.08
= 8%
Multiplier = 1 / Reserve Ratio
= 1 / 0.08
= 12.5
Therefore the value of the Multiplier is 12.5
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silver futures contracts are based on 5,000 troy ounces and are priced in dollars per troy ounce. a closing report displays these prices for a december contract: open 19.435, high 19.450, low 19.025, and settle19.119. what is the closing value for one december futures contract on silver?
The closing value for one December futures contract on silver is $96,500.
Calculation:
We see that the closing value for one futures contract on silver=Settle*contract size = 19.119*5000
= 95595.00
The closing price is the raw price or present value of the last trading price of a security before the market is officially closed for normal trading. The closing price is calculated by dividing the product total by the total number of shares traded in the 30-minute period.
Closing price generally refers to the last price at which a stock was traded during a normal trading session. The closing price is a useful marker that investors can use to measure changes in stock prices over time. Even in the age of 24-hour trading, all stocks and other securities have a closing price which is the closing price traded during normal market hours on a given day.
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ron is searching for another job where his skills will be best used. lucy is looking for a job where she can make more money to help put her children through college. what is ron's employment status and what is lucy's?
Ron is searching for another job where his skills will be best used. lucy is looking for a job . Both Ron and Lucy are frictionally unemployed.
About Frictional unemployment:
Frictional unemployment is a form of unemployment that reflects the gap between voluntarily leaving one job and finding another. Therefore, it is sometimes called search unemployment, but it also includes the employment gap when moving from one job to another. Smooth unemployment is not necessarily a bad thing.
Frictional unemployment is spontaneous, so it can even be a sign of a healthy economy. This means employees are looking for new jobs and new careers.
Causes of frictional unemployment:Employees take time off to care for loved ones. An employee left an unsatisfactory position in search of a new job. Employees have the financial means to take time off from full-time work. People quit their jobs to pursue higher education.
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which of the following is not one of the three main restructuring strategies? a. downsizing b. realigning c. leveraged buyouts d. downscoping
Downsizing is not one of the three main restructuring tactics.
What is Downsizing?Downsizing is not always involuntary. It is also used at other stages of the business cycle to create leaner, more efficient businesses. Eliminating any part of an organizational structure that is not directly adding any value to the final product is a production and management philosophy known as lean enterprise.According to the production principles of lean enterprise, any component of a business enterprise that fails to directly benefit a final product is superfluous. What is valuable (and conversely, what is not valuable) is determined by the customer based on the amount they are willing to pay for a good or service.Downsizing can also be carried out to align the firm's skill and talent with the broader market. For example, a company may pursue downsizing to weed out employees with obsolete skills that may not be useful in its future direction.To learn more about organizational structure refer to:
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ryan is in the process of making critical decisions regarding production operations. he has been tasked with deciding to purchase a machine which will replace 7 employees or keep the 7 employees and train them to increase productivity. he needs an answer for the human resources team in two days. what concept is ryan facing?
Answer:
Explanation:
analytics
When purchasing her new car, molly traded in her previous car, which was a buick in good condition. the dealer offered her 80% of the listed trade-in value for her car, giving her a total of $1,340.80. what was molly’s previous car?
The value of Molly's car, given the trade - in value and percentage of the previous car, can be found to be $ 1, 676
What is a trade - in value ?The car that customers trade in when they purchase a new car from the dealership is known as a trade-in. The trade-in value that a dealer will typically offer for the car is almost always less than the market value that you could obtain by selling it privately.
A well-kept example of a well-liked model may be a trade-in, which the dealer can repair and resell on the used car lot for a profit. Second, the dealer is facilitating the customer's decision to purchase the new vehicle. Any other justification for accepting a trade-in entails extra work, extra expense, and unpredictability for the dealer.
The trade - in value for Molly's car can be found by the formula :
= Listed trade in value of Molly's car / Percentage of the car
= 1, 340.80 / 80 %
= $ 1, 676
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which of the following is an example of an automatic stabilizer? group of answer choices new environmental regulations increase the number of citizens out of work. social security taxes are raised. congress cuts taxes. economic growth increases budget surplus. congress increases the minimum wage.
The example of an automatic stabilizer is social security taxes are raised. congress cuts taxes.
Automatic stabilizers are functions of the tax and transfer structures that mood the financial system when it overheats and stimulate the economic system while it slumps, without direct intervention by way of policymakers. automatic stabilizers offset fluctuations in economic interest without direct intervention via policymakers.
Computerized stabilizers are a type of fiscal coverage, that's desired by way of Keynesian economics as a device to combat economic slumps and recessions.
The number one gain of the automatic stabilizers is: they require no new legislative movement, so there is no legislative lag before these gear reply to fluctuations in the commercial enterprise cycle.
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is also called procurement. a.purchasing management b.automation c.inventory management d.materials control e.quality control
Purchasing management is also called procurement. The procurement is the term which means to buy or purchase products and services for the selling purpose.
The purchasing management is the management in which the business buys the products in the bundle or stock quantity for the re-selling purpose or to make their business products as taking the raw material or intermediate goods or stocks.
The purchasing management is the management in which the small seller or shopkeeper become unite with the big organization or business to sell their products and give some profit at the end of the year.
The purchasing management is good for those seller who is not able to sell their products.
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steve and craig have been shipwrecked on a deserted island in the south pacific. their economic activity consists of either gathering pineapples or fishing. we know steve can catch four fish in one hour or harvest two baskets of pineapples. in the same time craig can reel in two fish or harvest two baskets of pineapples. if they each spend four hours a day fishing and four hours a day harvesting pineapples, how many of each will steve produce? how many will craig produce? what will their total production be?
Craig will generate 8 fish daily and 8 carriers of pineapples, bringing the combined production to 24 fish and 16 baskets per day. He will provide 16 fish daily and 8 receptacles of pineapples.
What are some economic examples?The social science of economy focuses on the analysis of resource scarcity. It examines variables that have an influence on how products and services are produced, distributed, and received in an economy. It investigates how people, organizations, and governments distribute limited resources.
Briefing:Steve grows eight baskets of pineapples and four fish (four fish per hour) in four hours (4 hours x 2 baskets per hour). Craig makes eight fish (four hours at two fish each) and eight baskets of pineapples each day (4 hours x 2 baskets per hour). A total of 24 fish as well as 16 bags of pineapples are produced each day.
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according to the resource-theory of the firm discussed in mcnett's article the ethics of workplace diversity, the main reason for an organization to have a more diverse workforce would be
To draw in the most exceptional and varied talent that can give one a competitive edge in various areas.
How do you define resource-based theory?
According to resource-based theory, a corporation is best positioned for long-term success if it has access to valuable, uncommon, difficult-to-replicate resources. These strategic resources can act as a springboard for developing solid competencies that, over time, may result in improved performance.
What does the word "resources" mean?
It means a source of supply or support—an option. A natural source of riches or income; generally used in the plural. Frequently used in the plural.: a natural phenomenon or feature that improves the standard of living for people.
The original question is:
According to the resource theory of the firm discussed in McNett's article the ethics of workplace diversity, the main reason for an organization to have a more diverse workforce would be _______.
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thirty percent of the cfa candidates have a degree in economics. what is the popbability that none of them have a degree in econmics?
The probability that none of them have a degree in economics is 0.657.
We need to calculate
P (X > = 1)
= 1 - P(X =0)
= 1 - (1-0.30)^3
= 0.657
Hence, Option C is Correct
The complete question is:
Thirty percent of the CFA candidates have a degree in economics. A random sample of three CFA candidates is selected. What is the probability that at least one of them has a degree in economics?
1. 0.300
2. 0.343
3. 0.657
4. 0.900
Candidate for Level I CFA
You are regarded as a candidate for the CFA Level I if you are presently preparing for the Level I test. You may do this in a number of different ways on your resume. One strategy is to identify as a Level I candidate for the CFA.
The Excel’s function BINOM.DIST can be used.
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the owner knows that one of the reasons people do not return to his store is because of the slow service. how would a swot analysis classify the slow service at dina plumbing supplies?
Don knows that one of the reasons people do not return to his electronics store is because of the slow service. This is an example of the organization's Weaknesses.
Horrific customer support is when a purchaser feels their expectancies have been not met. consistent with our tendencies report, the top indicators of poor customer service consist of long wait times, an automated gadget that makes it tough to reach a human agent, and having to repeat information more than one time.
The five major causes of poor customer service include hiring the incorrect humans, loss of training, employee burnout, a false impression of client expectancies, and absence of worker engagement.
The maximum apparent one is not resolving a patron request or ignoring it. other customer support ache points consist of lengthy waits, poor employee understanding, lack of etiquette and manners.
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Complete question:
Don knows that one of the reasons people do not return to his electronics store is because of the slow service. This is an example of the organization's ________.
1. intelligence
2. threats
3. opportunities
4. strengths
5. Weaknesses
which closing best expresses a desire to satisfy the customer and signals confidence that the problem has been resolved?
By definition, buying signals are the actions potential customers take that indicate they're close to making a purchase.
What serves as signal for the buyer and sellers?Prices act as a signal to producers as well as consumers. Prices can help customers determine their willingness, ability, and ability to complete the purchase (demand), and they can help producers determine what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce. A "strong buy" indicates that the analyst thinks the underlying firm of the stock is currently enjoying or will shortly be experiencing positive financial performance and/or favourable market circumstances. The behaviours potential purchasers take that might suggest they're about to make a purchase choice are known as buying signals. Because they can help you focus on the most promising prospects, purchasing signals are particularly crucial for B2B sales and marketing teams because they can help you save time and close more deals.To learn more about buyer and sellers refer to:
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true or false: because employee performance is so important to organizations, senior management consistently supports performance management procedures.
Senior management does not support performance management procedures for employee performance . Thus, the statement is false.
What is performance management?Performance management is a corporate management tool that allows managers to monitor and evaluate the work of their employees. The goal of performance management is to create an environment in which people can perform to the best of their abilities and produce the highest-quality work in the most efficient and effective manner.
Businesses require effective performance management. It assists them in aligning their employees, resources, and systems to meet their strategic objectives through both formal and informal processes.
Therefore, to align the employees with the objectives of the organization, senior management consistently supports performance management procedures.
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e.what if the central bank abandons inflation targeting and creates inflation of 10 percent by printing money. if agents (consumers) even after several periods expect that inflation will continue to be 8 percent, what will be the unemployment rate? are agents being rational? why or why not? if agents have adaptive expectations, what will be the expected inflation rate and the unemployment rate in the next period?
Unemployment Rate in the United States is expected to be 3.80 percent by the end of this quarter, according to Trading Economics global macro models and analysts’ expectations.
Are agents being rational?A rational agent or rational being is a person or entity that always aims to perform optimal actions based on given premises and information. A rational agent or rational being is a person or entity that always aims to perform optimal actions based on given premises and information. A rational agent can be anything that makes decisions, typically a person, firm, machine, or software. One widely used gauge of market-based inflation expectations is known as the 10-year breakeven inflation rate. The breakeven rate is calculated by comparing 10-year nominal Treasury yields with yields on 10-year Treasury Inflation Protection Securities (TIPS), whose yield is tied to changes in the CPI. A rational agent or rational being is a person or entity that always aims to perform optimal actions based on given premises and information.
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what are the consequences of bad logistics management for a company? select all that apply. a more paperwork b problems with customer relations c higher costs d longer hours
The consequences of poor logistics management for company include: customer relationship issues, higher costs and longer hours.
What leads to bad logistics?Poor time management. Increased costs and hidden costs due to lack of knowledge. Disruption of operational processes. I don't have the right software for live tracking.
What impact will logistics have on company?Successful logistics in business entails more effectiveness, lower costs, higher production rates, better inventory control, more efficient storage space utilization, higher levels of customer and supplier satisfaction, and better customer experiences.
What are the consequences of poor management for suppliers?In short, poor supplier performance costs a company money, time, and reputation, increases the risk of customer churn, and can even threaten a company's viability. The impact on suppliers is also negative. Efforts to ensure performance regressions can be fixed.
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in a world ever sensitive to social and environmental issues, more and more firms are embracing csr and sustainability. such firms are more likely than not to . a. develop closer relations with foreign stakeholders to better understand their needs and work jointly toward solutions b. minimize their contribution to the local community in order to maximize profits c. be reluctant to hire managers from around the world d. favor region-specific csr standards to global csr standards for foreign operations
Firms embracing csr and sustainability are more likely than not to:
A) Develop closer relations with foreign stakeholders to better understand their needs.
Define CSR and sustainability in a firm.
CSR refers to a company's responsibility for its social effect. This encompasses social, environmental, and economic factors. CSR takes several forms depending on the firm. A manufacturer's CSR actions will differ from those of a store, and publicly traded firms face different problems than a family-run SME with deep roots in its region.
The capacity to maintain multiple systems and processes – ecologically, socially, and economically — across time is referred to as sustainability. Sustainability has its roots in natural resource economics, but it has subsequently gained broader currency in terms of sustainable development and social equity.
Hence, Firms embracing csr and sustainability are more likely than not to:
A) Develop closer relations with foreign stakeholders to better understand their needs.
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why might it be better to lean against credit-driven bubbles rather than just clean up after other types of asset bubbles burst?
Although there is less collateral damage when an asset bubble collapses than when a credit-driven bubble does, macroeconomic coverage failure occurs when a credit-driven bubble does in a financial system.
When a bubble bursts, the price decrease that follows causes unsustainable investment schemes, especially but not exclusively speculative and/or Ponzi investments, to fail. This consumer and investor confidence crisis could during a bubble, investors keep pushing an asset's price higher than.
Eventually, when prices fall and demand declines, the bubble "bursts." As a result, consumer and business expenditures are typically reduced, which may cause the economy to slow down.In light of the information provided.Compared to a credit-driven bubble, there is less collateral damage when an asset bubble explodes.
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how would you respond to a naysayer that says store business and concessions business will go down if we give out free hats and free food as part of group sales packages?
would let them know that it's a misconception Offering free food or drinks adds value to the customer without discounting products or services.
What is meant by products?
A product is anything that can be supplied to a market in order to satiate a customer's need or desire. In marketing, a product is an item, system, or service that is made accessible for consumer usage in response to consumer demand.Products are sometimes referred to as merchandise in the retail sector, and they are purchased as raw materials in the manufacturing sector before being sold as finished goods.A form of product that is also considered is a service.In project management, products are the formally defined project deliverables that include or assist in achieving the project's goals.Product liability may apply to hazardous goods, particularly physical ones that harm users or bystanders.To learn about products refer to
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alphabet company, which uses the periodic inventory method, purchases different letters for resale. alphabet had no beginning inventory. it purchased a thru g in january at $9.00 per letter. in february, it purchased h thru l at $11.00 per letter. it purchased m thru r in march at $12.00 per letter. it sold a, d, e, h, j and n in october. there were no additional purchases or sales during the remainder of the year. if alphabet company uses the weighted average method, what is the cost of its ending inventory? (round the per unit cost to two decimal places and then round your answer to the nearest whole dollar.)
Using weighted average method, the cost of its ending inventory is $67.
Ending inventory = 5.56* 12 = 67
Weighted average method:
The weighted average considers the relative frequency or relevance of particular variables in a data set.
Sometimes a weighted average is more precise than a basic average.
In a weighted average, the allocated weight is multiplied by each data point value, which is then added together and divided by the total number of data points.
Because of this, a weighted average can increase the accuracy of the data.
Investors in stocks use a weighted average to keep track of the cost basis of the shares they have acquired over time.
A weighted average, as opposed to a basic average, takes into account the relative weight or contribution of the items being averaged. As a result, it assigns more weight to the average items that happen relatively more frequently.
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ex 8. on january 1, 2016, jason company issued $5 million of 10-year bonds at a 10% coupon interest rate to be paid annually. what was the issuance price of the bonds if the market rate of interest was 8%? a. $5,000,000. b. $5,670,000. c. $5,387,500. d. $5,712,500. hint: bond issue price
The issuance price of the bonds of $5 million of 10-year bonds at a 10% coupon interest rate to be paid annually if the market rate of interest was 8% was b. $5,670,000.
What is the issuance price of bonds?The issuance price of a bond is determined by its present value.
To determine the present value, we input the following parameters onto an online finance calculator.
N (# of periods) = 10 years
I/Y (Interest per year) = 8%
PMT (Periodic Payment) = $500,000
FV (Future Value) = $5 million
Results:
Present Value (PV) = $5,671,008.14
Sum of all periodic payments = $5,000,000 ($500,000 x 10)
Total Interest = $4,328,991.86
Thus, Jason Company's 10-year bonds' issuance price was Option B.
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which key strategic leadership action plays a key role in influencing how the firm conducts its business and regulates and controls employees' behavior?
How to Maintain a Successful Organizational Culture Strategic leadership action has a significant impact on how the company runs its operations and governs and controls employee behavior.
Which of the following describes strategic leadership's objective?The major goals of strategic leadership are to improve strategic productivity, foster creativity, and create an environment that motivates staff to work hard, act independently, and advance their own ideas.
What are the three phases of developing a leader?leadership's three phases- We are moving past the first stage of leadership. Let's examine the initial level of leadership, which focuses on action. building the conditions for excellence, from 2 to 3. In the third level, multifunctional leadership is discussed, the drive to increase.
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the proper level of government intervention is unclear when dealing with a monopoly. group of answer choices true false
When dealing with a monopoly, it's uncertain how much government should be involved. It is accurate to state what it is.
What exactly does Monopoly mean?
A monopoly is a market structure where one manufacturer or seller holds the majority of the market share in a particular industry or area. As they impede competition and restrict consumer alternatives, monopolies are opposed in free-market economies.
Please provide a monopoly example:
A corporation is said to have a monopoly if it offers a product solely and there are no close substitutes. A monopoly that is unregulated can control prices and dominate the market. Take Microsoft and Windows, DeBeers and diamonds, or your local natural gas company, as examples.
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one country on the top-ranking and one country on the bottom ranking of the gdp(nominal) and reasons
Answer:
There are common factors which work in economy making either an economy to be a top ranking GDP or bottom ranking GDP. Following are the factors.
1. Investment- If the investment by the individuals takes place in regular mode takes place in an economy then the rise in GDP can be seen and if the vice versa happens the GDP falls.
2. Standard of Living- If the unemployment rate is low in the economy and based on employment level the demand does not fall in the economy then a GDP of an economy rises.
3. Government Expenses- If the government is making expenses to maintain the demand and the production level in the economy then the GDP of the economy can rise and if it all does not happen then GDP can fall.
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Explanation:
assume that there were multiple offers the iuros were considering before accepting the redemanns' offer. what may the agent disclose to potential offerors if the iuros have not specifically instructed the agent otherwise? a) the loan terms of any competing offer b) the names of other offerors c) that the iuros are considering more than one offer d) the sales price of any competing offer
The Correct Option is C.
That the iuros are considering more than one offer.
Offer
The investigation of the functioning of the offer and acceptance is a conventional technique in contract law since they are usually acknowledged as necessary conditions for the formation of a contract.
The offer and acceptance formula, which was created in the 19th century, pinpoints the point at which the parties come to an agreement. Developments in the law of estoppel, deceptive trade practices, false statements, unjust enrichment, and the power of acceptance have altered the traditional method of contract creation.
An offer, according to Treitel, is " an statement of readiness to contract on specified terms, made with the idea that it shall become enforceable upon acceptance by the party to whom it is directed, the "offeree," as soon as it is accepted."
An offer is a declaration of the conditions under which the maker is willing to be held accountable. The offeree and the present contractual agreement want to be bound by a written agreement that contains specific and precise terms.
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failing to appropriately will result in too many employees doing the same work and prevent the new firm from realizing the cost synergies it anticipated. a. downsize b. buy out c. downscope d. spin off
The correct option is A. If downsize is not done properly, there will be too many employees working the same job, which would hinder the future company from reaching the projected cost synergies.
What are the two different forms of work?You can hire someone on a fixed-term or fee basis for a predetermined period of time or to carry out a specified duty, such as to work on a given project or fill in for an employee on leave.
Which professions are the most common?The three categories below may be used to identify the kinds of labor that have been done. The three sorts are positive employment, dismal work, and zero work. The ratio of force and displacement defines the kind of work that is done. Good number of occupations when an applied force moves an object inside that direction.
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the corporate charter of whispering winds corporation allows the issuance of a maximum of 100,000 shares of common stock. during its first two years of operations, whispering winds sold 61,300 shares to shareholders and reacquired 4,800 of these shares. after these transactions, how many shares are authorized, issued, and outstanding? whispering winds corporation is authorized to sell shares. whispering winds has shares issued. whispering winds has shares outstanding.
Luney Corporation has been granted permission to sell 100,000 shares. Luney has issued 70000 shares. Luney has 63000 shareholdings in circulation.
What exactly do users mean by "shares"?
Shares are equity ownership units in a corporation. Shares arise as a capital product for some companies, providing for an equitable split of any residue left profits, if any are proclaimed, in the dividend form. Stockholders of a shares that doesn't pay dividends are not entitled to a profit distribution.
What are the various kinds of shares inside a limited partnership?
Ordinary stock.Non-voting stock.Preferences are distributed.Shares that are redeemable.To know more about Shares visit:
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in what way does ias 16 (property, plant, and equipment) differ from u.s. gaap concerning fixed asset measurement subsequent to initial recognition?
There are significant discrepancies between the GAAP regulations codified in ASC Topic 360 and the IFRS rules written in IAS 16 in the field of fixed assets and the resulting depreciation. The cost method is the sole technique to originally report a fixed asset under GAAP.
What are GAAP and IAS 16?IAS 16 permits both upward and downward revaluation of fixed assets, however US GAAP permits only upward revaluation. IAS 16 allows for asset revaluation based on fair value to be performed. Each asset type must be revalued on an annual basis. Property, plant, and equipment are initially measured at cost, then measured again using a cost or revaluation model, and depreciated such that its depreciable amount is distributed systematically during its useful life. IAS 16 was reprinted in December 2003 and is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2005.
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suppose at her current level of consumption, a person enjoys eating fruit three times as much as eating yogurt. the price of a serving of fruit is $2 and the price of a yogurt is $1. assume she is spending all of her income on these two goods. is the person spending her income (for these two goods) in a manner that maximizes her utrity?
No, the person should increase fruit consumption but decrease yogurt's consumption.
What does income effect mean?The income effect is a change in an individual's or economy's income and how that change affects quantity demanded. For example, John Doe needs more product after a pay raise because he has more disposable income.
How do you know if the income effect is positive or negative?Common goods and services usually have a positive income effect. As income increases, so does demand. And when income falls, demand falls. If demand decreases as income increases, the good or service is likely to be inferior and is said to have a negative income effect.
What are the sources of income?Salary income, Interest income, Dividend income, Profit income, Income from capital gains, rental income, Income from royalties.
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