Answer:
Nitrobenzene < Bromobenzene < Benzene < Phenol
Explanation:
Aromatic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in the presence of relevant electrophiles. Certain substituents tend to increase or decrease the tendency of an aromatic compound towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
Substituents that increase the electron density around the ring such as in phenol tends to make the ring more reactive towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens such as bromine has a -I inductive effect as well as a +M mesomeric effect.
However the -I(electron withdrawing effect) of the halogens supersedes the +M electron donation due to mesomeric effect.
Putting all these together, the order of increasing reactivity of the compounds towards electrophilic aromatic substitution is;
Nitrobenzene < Bromobenzene < Benzene < Phenol
What is the molarity of a solution containing 150 g of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) per liter?
Answer:
0.93 M
Step-by-step Explanation:
First, we have to calculate the molar mass (MM) of ZnSO₄ by using the molar mass of each chemical element:
MM(ZnSO₄) = 65.4 g/mol Zn + 32 g/mol S + (16 g/mol x 4) = 161.4 g/mol
Then, we divide the mass of ZnSO₄ into its molar mass to obtain the number of moles:
moles ZnSO₄ = mass/MM = 150 g/(161.4 g/mol)= 0.93 mol
Since the molarity of a solution expresses the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, we calculate the molarity (M) as follows:
M = moles ZnSO₄/1 L = 0.93 mol/1 L = 0.93 M
Leaming Task 1:
Distinguish the process as spontaneous or non-spontaneous process. Write S it spontaneous and NSi non-spontaneous
on the bionk.
1. Melling ofice
2 Ruisting of ton
3. Marble going down the spiral.
4. Going up the
& Keeping the food fresh from spolage
Solution :
Spontaneous Process
A spontaneous process is defined as the process that occurs without the help of any external aid or inputs. A spontaneous process is a natural process which occurs naturally in the environment.
Non Spontaneous process
A non spontaneous process is a process which does not occur naturally. Some inputs are provided for the process to occur. Energy from external source is applied into the process to start the process.
The following processes are :
1. Melling of ice ---- Spontaneous
2 Rusting of iron --- Spontaneous
3. Marble going down the spiral. --- spontaneous
4. Going up the hill ---- Non spontaneous
5. Keeping the food fresh from spoilage --- Non spontaneous
Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true: (a) The nucleus has most of the mass and comprises most of the volume of an atom. (b) Every atom of a given element has the same number of protons. (c) The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of neutrons in the atom. (d) The protons in the nucleus of the helium atom are held together by a force called the strong nuclear force.
Answer:
Every atom of a given element has the same number of protons
The protons in the nucleus of the helium atom are held together by a force called the strong nuclear force.
Explanation:
Atoms are composed of electrons, protons and neutrons. The electron is negatively charged, protons are positively charged and the neutrons have no charge.
Electrons are found in shells while protons are found inside the atomic nucleus. Similar to electrostatic forces between electron and proton, protons of helium are held together by a strong nuclear blinding force.
Note that, all isotopes must have the same atomic number. This shows that they are all the same atom changed by differences in number of neutrons.
Melanie has completed the analysis of her data for the reaction of KMnO4 with malonic acid and data for a reaction of KMnO4 with tartaric acid. She compared the activation energies, Ea, she calculated for the two reactions and found the Ea for the malonic acid reaction to be greater than the Ea for the tartaric acid reaction.
Required:
What does this mean about the magnitude of the rate constant, k, and the rate of the reaction?
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
The relationship between the activation energy and rate of reaction is best captured by the Arrhenius equation;
k= Ae^-Ea/RT
Where;
k= rate constant
A= pre-exponential factor
Ea=activation energy
R= gas constant
T= temperature
We can see from the foregoing that, as the activation energy increases, the rate of reaction decreases and vice versa. reactions that have a very high activation energy are markedly slow.
Since the activation energy for the malonic acid reaction is found to be greater than the activation energy for the tartaric acid reaction, then the rate of the malonic acid reaction(k) will be slower than that of the tartaric acid reaction.
The study of chemistry and bonds is called chemistry. There are two types of elements metal and nonmetals.
The correct answer is mentioned below.
What is the Arrhenius equation?The relationship between the activation energy and rate of reaction is best captured by the Arrhenius equationThe equation is as follows:-
[tex]k= Ae^{-Ea/RT[/tex] Where;
k= rate constantA= pre-exponential factorEa=activation energyR= gas constantT= temperatureWe can see from the foregoing that, as the activation energy increases, the rate of reaction decreases and vice versa. reactions that have very high activation energy are markedly slow. Since the activation energy for the malonic acid reaction is found to be greater than the activation energy for the tartaric acid reaction, then the rate of the malonic acid reaction(k) will be slower than that of the tartaric acid reaction.
Hence, the correct answer is mentioned above.
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The Tollen's test is the reaction of aldehydes with silver(l) ions in basic solution to form silver metal and a carboxylate. 2 Ag+ + + 3 OH- - HR 2 Ag +_ W + 2 H2O ÃR Which species is being oxidized in the reaction? Choose... Which species is being reduced in the reaction? Choose... Which species is the visual indicator of a positive test? v Choose... Carboxylate ion Aldehyde Silver metal Water Silver(1) ion Hydroxide ion
Answer:
Explanation:
When Tollen's test is done by aldehyde , silver ion is converted into silver which forms a layer which looks like a mirror.
Ag⁺ + e = Ag
It is a reduction process where silver(1) ion is reduced to metallic silver.
Aldehyde is oxidized to carboxylate ion.
CH₃CHO + 2 OH⁻ = CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O + H⁺ + 2e
Visual indicator is silver metal which forms silver mirror at the bottom of test tube .
A calorimeter measures the Choose... involved in reactions or other processes by measuring the Choose... of the materials Choose... the process. The calorimeter is Choose... to prevent transfer of heat to outside the device.
Answer:
heat; temperature; surrounding; insulated.
Explanation:
A calorimeter can be defined as a scientific instrument (device) that is designed and developed for measurement of the heat involved in chemical reactions or other processes, especially by taking the measurement of the temperature of the materials surrounding the process.
Basically, a calorimeter is insulated using materials with a very high level of resistivity, so as to prevent heat transfer to the outside of the device (calorimeter).
Some of the components that make up a simple calorimeter are; thermometer, an interior styrofoam cup, an exterior styrofoam cup, cover, etc.
Additionally, a calorie refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a gram of water by one degree Celsius (°C)
A calorimeter measures the heat involved in reactions or other processes by measuring the temperature of the materials surrounding the process. The calorimeter is insulated to prevent transfer of heat to outside the device.
What is calorimeter?Calorimeter is an instrument used in chemical reactions for measuring the heat, physical changes as well as heat capacity of the chemical reaction.
From the definition of calorimeter it is clear that it checks the temperature of the reaction and calculates the heat of the chemical reaction. It is insulated by those materials which are bad conductors of heat so that no heat will loss from this apparatus.
Hence, correct options are heat, temperature, surroundings and insulated.
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Proteins are:
amino acids.
carbohydrates.
minerals.
sugars.
Calculate the specific heat of a piece of wood if 2000 g of wood absorbs 75,250 J of heat, and its temperature changes from 30°C to 50°C.
A 37.63
B) 0.53
C) 1.88
D
752.50
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The specific heat capacity=quantity of heat in joule/mass×change in temperature
from this question the quantity of heat is 75250,the mass is 2000 and the change in temperature is 50-30
which is 20
therefore
c=75250/2000×20
c=75250/40000
c=1.88
I hope this helps
A sample of 0.0860 g of sodium chloride is added to 30.0 mL of 0.050 M silver nitrate, resulting in the formation of a precipitate. (a) Write the molecular equation for the reaction. (b) What is the limiting reactant in the reaction? (c) How many grams of precipitate potentially form?
Answer:
0.21 g
Explanation:
The equation of the reaction is;
NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) -----> NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
Number of moles of NaCl= 0.0860 g /58.5 g/mol = 0.00147 moles
Number of moles of AgNO3 = 30/1000 L × 0.050 M = 0.0015 moles
Since the reaction is 1:1, NaCl is the limiting reactant.
1 mole of NaCl yields 1 mole of AgCl
0.00147 moles of NaCl yields 0.00147 moles of AgCl
Mass of precipitate formed = 0.00147 moles of AgCl × 143.32 g/mol
= 0.21 g
How many atoms are in protons
Answer:
the number of protons in a atom is unique to each element
Explanation:
protons are about 99.86% as massive neutrons. The number of protons in a atom is unique to each element .For example carbon atoms have six protons in an atom is referred to as the atomic number of that element
The sanlinity of ocean water
Answer:
35g/l
Explanation:
Salinity is practically the saltiness of the water, in basic terms. It's basically the amount of salt dissolved in water. Ocean water has a salinity of around 35g/l (that's about 3.5% of which is dissolved salt in water!). However, Atlantic Ocean (the ocean with the saltiest water), can range up to 37g/l.
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how many ml of 0.032 molar kmno4 are required to react with 50.0 ml of 0.100 molar h2c2o4 in the presence of excess h2so4
Answer:
62.5 ml of 0.032 M KMnO₄ are required to react with 50.0 ml of 0.100 molar H₂C₂O₄ in the presence of excess H₂SO₄
Explanation:
The balanced reaction is:
2 KMnO₄ + 5 H₂C₂O₄ + 3 H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + 2 MnSO₄ + 8 H₂O + 10 CO₂
By stoichiometry of the reaction (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
KMnO₄: 2 moles H₂C₂O₄: 5 moles H₂SO₄: 3 moles K₂SO₄: 1 mole MnSO₄: 2 moles H₂O: 8 moles CO₂: 10 molesMolarity or Molar Concentration is the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a certain volume.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of the solute by the volume of the solution:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{number of moles of solute}{volume}[/tex]
Molarity is expressed in units [tex]\frac{moles}{liter}[/tex]
In this case, 50 mL (0.05 L) of 0.1 M H₂C₂O₄ react. So, replacing the data in the definition of molarity:
[tex]0.1 M=\frac{number of moles of solute}{0.05 L}[/tex]
Solving:
number of moles of solute= 0.1 M*0.05 L
number of moles of solute= 0.005 moles
So, 0.005 moles of H₂C₂O₄ react. Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by stoichiometry 5 moles of H₂C₂O₄ react with 2 moles of KMnO₄, 0.005 moles of H₂C₂O₄ react with how many moles of KMnO₄?
[tex]moles of KMnO_{4} =\frac{0.005moles of H_{2} C_{2} O_{4}* 2moles of KMnO_{4} }{5moles of H_{2} C_{2} O_{4} }[/tex]
moles of KMnO₄= 0.002 moles
Knowing that the molarity of KMnO₄ is 0.032 M, replacing in its definition and solving:
[tex]0.032 M=\frac{0.002 moles}{volume}[/tex]
[tex]volume=\frac{0.002 moles}{0.032 M}[/tex]
volume= 0.0625 L= 62.5 mL
62.5 ml of 0.032 M KMnO₄ are required to react with 50.0 ml of 0.100 molar H₂C₂O₄ in the presence of excess H₂SO₄
Stalactites and stalagmites form as ________ precipitates out of the water evaporating in underground caves.
Stalactites and stalagmites form as ________ precipitates out of the water evaporating in underground caves.
Group of answer choices
hydrochloric acid
sodium bicarbonate
calcium carbonate
sodium chloride
sodium hydroxide
Answer:
calcium carbonate
Explanation:
A stalactite is an icicle-looking mould that is formed by the precipitation of natural minerals as a result of water dripping from the ceiling, hanging from a cave.
A stalagmites in the other hand, grows upwards and is also a mound that is formed by the deposits of minerals gotten by the water dripping on the floor of a cave.
Therefore, stalactites and stalagmites form as calcium carbonate precipitates out of the water evaporating in underground caves.
Which of the following would tell you that a weak base is present?
A. If the pH of the solution is close to 14.
B. If the solution is a good conductor of electricity.
C. An indicator added to the solution turns green-blue.
D. If there is a high reaction rate.
Answer:
An indicator added to the solution turns green-blue.
Explanation:
An indicator is a substance which shows the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution by change in colour of the solution.
The universal indicator changes colour as the pH of the solution changes. Looking at the colour ranges for the universal indicator, the green-blue colour indicates a weak base.
Kati was in the kitchen when she heard a crash. She went into her bedroom and found her window broken and a baseball lying on the ground. Kati said "this baseball broke my window." This statement is an
Answer: inference because she drew a conclusion based on evidence.
why?:
Because the evidence was that she heard the crashing sound, and then when she came into her room saw the broken window and baseball.
It was not an observation because she did not directly see the baseball going through the window
Is ribose a reducing or non reducing sugar?
Ribose is a reducing sugar. A reducing sugar is a carbohydrate that can undergo a redox reaction, in which it donates electrons to another chemical species.
This is usually observed when the sugar opens its ring structure to form an aldehyde or ketone functional group.
Ribose, a five-carbon sugar, can form an open-chain structure with an aldehyde functional group. In this form, it can donate electrons and act as a reducing agent in certain chemical reactions, such as the reduction of other compounds like Benedict's reagent during laboratory tests for reducing sugars.
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give one use of zinc
You need to produce a buffer solution that has a pH of 5.50. You already have a solution that contains 10 mmol (millimoles) of acetic acid. How many millimoles of acetate (the conjugate base of acetic acid) will you need to add to this solution?
Answer:
56.9 mmoles of acetate are required in this buffer
Explanation:
To solve this, we can think in the Henderson Hasselbach equation:
pH = pKa + log ([CH₃COO⁻] / [CH₃COOH])
To make the buffer we know:
CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇄ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺ Ka
We know that Ka from acetic acid is: 1.8×10⁻⁵
pKa = - log Ka
pKa = 4.74
We replace data:
5.5 = 4.74 + log ([acetate] / 10 mmol)
5.5 - 4.74 = log ([acetate] / 10 mmol)
0.755 = log ([acetate] / 10 mmol)
10⁰'⁷⁵⁵ = ([acetate] / 10 mmol)
5.69 = ([acetate] / 10 mmol)
5.69 . 10 = [acetate] → 56.9 mmoles
A gas sample containing a constant number of gas molecules has a volume of 2.70 L at a constant pressure and a temperature of 25.0o C. What would be the volume (in Liters) of this gas sample at 75.0o C? Round your answer to 3 sig fig
Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 8.10 \ L}}[/tex]
Explanation:
This question asks us find the volume of a gas sample given a change in temperature. Since the pressure remains constant, we only are concerned with the variables of temperature and volume.
We will use Charles's Law. This states the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas. The formula is:
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
The gas starts at a volume of 2.70 liters and a temperature of 25.0 degrees Celsius.
[tex]\frac {2.70 \ L}{25.0 \textdegree C}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
The temperature is increased to 75.0 degrees Celsius, but the volume is unknown.
[tex]\frac {2.70 \ L}{25.0 \textdegree C}=\frac{V_2}{75.0 \textdegree C}[/tex]
We are solving for the volume at 75 degrees Celsius, so we must isolate the variable V₂.
It is being divided by 75.0 °C. The inverse operation of division is multiplication, so we multiply both sides of the equation by 75.0 °C.
[tex]75.0 \textdegree C *\frac {2.70 \ L}{25.0 \textdegree C}=\frac{V_2}{75.0 \textdegree C} * 75.0 \textdegree C[/tex]
[tex]75.0 \textdegree C *\frac {2.70 \ L}{25.0 \textdegree C}= V_2[/tex]
The units of degrees Celsius (° C) cancel.
[tex]75.0 *\frac {2.70 \ L}{25.0}= V_2[/tex]
[tex]75.0 *0.108 \ L = V_2[/tex]
[tex]8.1 \ L = V_2[/tex]
The original measurements have 3 significant figures, so our answer must have the same. Currently, the answer has 2. If we add another 0, the value of the answer does not change, but the number of sig figs does.
[tex]8.10 \ L = V_2[/tex]
The volume of this gas sample at 75.0 degrees Celsius is 8.10 Liters.
Help me, please
Help me, please
Answer:.......
Explanation:
Compound X has a molar mass of 266.64 g/mol and the following composition: aluminum 20.24% chlorine 79.76% Write the molecular formula of X
Answer:
Explanation:
Assume we have 100g of this substance. That means we would have 20.24g of Cl and 79.76g of Al. Now we can find how many moles of each we have:
[tex]\frac{79.76 \:g}{35.45 \: g/mol}[/tex] = 2.25 mol of chlorine
[tex]\frac{20.24 \: g}{26.98 \: g/mol}[/tex] = 0.750 mol of Al.
To form a integer ratio, do 2.25/0.75 = 2.99999 ~= 3.
So the ratio is essentially Al : Cl => 1 : 3. To the compound is possibly [tex]AlCl_3[/tex].
However, it says it has a molar mass of 266.64 g/mol, and since AlCl3 has a molar mass of 133.32, it must be [tex]Al_2Cl_6[/tex].
Actually this molecule isn't exactly AlCl3 (which is ionic). Al2Cl6 forms a banana bond where Cl acts as a hapto-2 ligand. But that's a bit advanced. All you need to know is X = Al2Cl6
The molecular formula of the compound is Al₂Cl₆
To solve the question given above, we'll begin by obtaining the empirical formula of the compound. This can be obtained as follow:
Aluminum (Al) = 20.24%
Chlorine (Cl) = 79.76%
Empirical formula =?Al = 20.24%
Cl = 79.76%
Divide by their molar mass
Al = 20.24 / 27 = 0.75
Cl = 79.76 / 35.5 = 2.25
Divide by the smallest
Al = 0.75 / 0.75 = 1
Cl = 2.25 / 0.75 = 3
Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is AlCl₃
Finally, we shall determine the the molecular formula of the compound.
Molar mass of compound = 266.64 g/mol
Empirical formula = AlCl₃
Molecular formula =? Molecular formula = [AlCl₃]ₙ = molar mass of compound[AlCl₃]ₙ = 266.64
[27 + (3×35.5)]n = 266.64
[27 + 106.5]n = 266.64
133.5n = 266.64
Divide both side by 133.5
n = 266.64 / 133.5
n = 2Molecular formula = [AlCl₃]ₙ
Molecular formula = [AlCl₃]₂
Molecular formula = Al₂Cl₆Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is Al₂Cl₆
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A major component of gasoline is octane (C8H8). When liquid octane is burned in air it reacts with oxygen (O2) gas to produce "0.050 mol" carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. Calculate the moles of octane needed to produce of carbon dioxide.
Answer:
0.0063 mol
Explanation:
Step 1: Write the balanced combustion equation
C₈H₁₈(l) + 12.5 O₂(g) ⇒ 8 CO₂(g) + 9 H₂O(g)
Step 2: Establish the appropriate molar ratio
According to the balanced equation, the molar ratio of C₈H₁₈ to CO₂ is 1:8.
Step 3: Calculate the number of moles of C₈H₁₈ needed to produce 0.050 moles of CO₂
0.050 mol CO₂ × 1 mol C₈H₁₈/8 mol CO₂ = 0.0063 mol C₈H₁₈
Tick (√) the statements that are correct.
a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfil nutritional requirement of our body. ( )
b) Deficiency Diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. ( )
c) Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. ( )
d) Meat alone. is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. ( )
b) (√)
c)(✓)
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A hydrocarbon contains only the elements____?
Explanation:
elements are carbons and hydrogen
Answer:
Carbon and Hydrogen.
Explanation:
It’s in the name Hydro (H) Carbon (C)
A weather balloon contains 9.7 moles of helium at a pressure of 0.955 atm and a temperature of 25 °C at ground level. What is the volume (in L) of the balloon under these conditions?
Answer:
2.5 × 10² L
Explanation:
Step 1: Given and required data
Moles of He (n): 9.7 molPressure (P): 0.955 atmTemperature (T): 25 °CIdeal gas constant (R): 0.0821 atm.L/mol.KStep 2: Convert 25 °C to Kelvin
We will use the following expression.
K = °C + 273.15 = 25 + 273.15 = 298 K
Step 3: Calculate the volume (V) of the balloon
We will use the ideal gas equation.
P × V = n × R × T
V = n × R × T / P
V = 9.7 mol × (0.0821 atm.L/mol.K) × 298 K / 0.955 atm = 2.5 × 10² L
In aqueous solution the Ni2" ion forms a complex with four ammonia molecules. Write the formation constant expression for the equilibrium between the hydrated metal ion and the aqueous complex. Under that, write the balanced chemical equation for the first step in the formation of the complex K,=________.
Answer:
The correct equation is "[tex]\frac{[Ni(H_2O)_3 (NH_3)]^{2+}}{[Ni(H_2O)_4]^{2+} [NH_3]}[/tex]".
Explanation:
According to the question,
Throughout an aqueous solution, [tex]Ni^{2+}[/tex] exist as [tex][Ni(H_2O)_4]^{2+}[/tex]
So,
⇒ [tex][Ni(H_2O)_4]^{2+} + 4NH_3 \rightleftharpoons [Ni(NH_3)_4]^{2+} + H_2O[/tex]
⇒ [tex]K_f = \frac{[Ni(NH_3)_4]^{2+}}{[Ni(H_2O)_4^{2+}] [NH_3]^4}[/tex]
Here, we have excluded [tex][H_2O][/tex] as concentration of water will be const.
Now,
This formation of [tex][Ni(NH_3)_4]^{2+}[/tex] proceeds via several steps,
Step 1:
⇒ [tex][Ni(H_2O)_4]^{2+}+NH_3 \rightleftharpoons [Ni(H_2O)_3 (NH_3)]^{2+} + H_2O[/tex]
⇒ [tex]K_1 = \frac{[Ni(H_2O)_3 (NH_3)]^{2+}}{[Ni(H_2O)_4]^{2+} [NH_3]}[/tex]
The reversible reaction: 2SO2(g) O2(g) darrw-tn.gif 2SO3(g) has come to equilibrium in a vessel of specific volume at a given temperature. Before the reaction began, the concentrations of the reactants were 0.060 mol/L of SO2 and 0.050 mol/L of O2. After equilibrium is reached, the concentration of SO3 is 0.040 mol/L. What is the equilibrium concentration of O2
Answer:
0.030 M
Explanation:
Step 1: Make an ICE chart
2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇄ 2 SO₃(g)
I 0.060 0.050 0
C -2x -x +2x
E 0.060-2x 0.050-x 2x
Step 2: Find the value of x
The concentration of SO₃ at equilibrium is 0.040 mol/L. Then,
2x = 0.040
x = 0.020
Step 3: Calculate the concentration at equilibrium of O₂
[O₂] = 0.050 - x = 0.050 - 0.020 = 0.030 M
The equilibrium concentration of oxygen is 0.030 M.
A reversible reaction is a reaction that can move either in the forward or in the reverse direction. We have the reaction; 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇄ 2SO3(g). We can now set up the ICE table as shown below;
2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇄ 2 SO₃(g)
I 0.060 0.050 0
C -2x -x +2x
E 0.060-2x 0.050-x 2x
At equilibrium;
2x = 0.040 M
x = 0.040 M/2 = 0.020 M
For oxygen;
0.050-x
0.050 M - 0.020 M = 0.030 M
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Kingsley then adds 49.28 mL of NaOH to 250.00 mL of the HCOOH solution. The neutralization reaction resulted in 0.098 moles of HCOOH and 0.025 moles of HCOO left in solution. Determine the pH of the resulting solution. Which of the following acids would produce the highest pH at the equivalence point in a weak acid-strong base titration?
Ka(HF) =6.8x10-4
Ka(HNO2) =4.5x10-4
Ka(HCIO2) =1.1x10-2
K(CH3COOH) =1.8x10-5
i. HCIO2
ii. CH3COOH
iii. HF
iv. HNO2
Answer:
i. HCIO2 - 2.9
ii. CH3COOH - 2.64
iii. HF - 3.27
iv. HNO2 - 2.67
Explanation:
The Ph value differ for base and acid. A neutral solution will have Ph value of 7. For acid the Ph value is less than 7 and for base Ph value is greater than 7. The highest Ph value for the given acids is 3.27 for hydroflouric acids.
The pH of the resulting solution is 3.16. Acetic acid having the formula [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] would produce the highest pH at the equivalence point in a weak acid-strong base titration.
Kingsley adds 49.28 mL of NaOH to 250.00 mL of the HCOOH solution.
The neutralization reaction resulted in 0.098 moles of HCOOH and 0.025 moles of HCOO⁻ left in the solution.
We have to determine the pH of the resulting solution and identify the acid that would produce the highest pH at the equivalence point in a weak acid-strong base titration.
What is pH?pH, a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions.
Kingsley adds 49.28 mL of NaOH to 250.00 mL of the HCOOH solution.
Total volume of the solution = 49.28 mL + 250.0 mL = 299.28 mL = 0.29928 L
At neutralization point, HCOOH = 0.098 mol = [tex]\frac{0.098\ mol}{0.29928\ L} = 0.32745\ M[/tex]
So, Concentration of HCOOH at neutralization point = 0.32745 M
And [tex]HCOO^-[/tex] at neutralization point = 0.025 mol = [tex]\frac{0.025\ mol}{0.29928\ L} = 0.08353\ M[/tex]
So, Concentration of HCOO⁻ at neutralization point = 0.08353 M
Now, [tex]K_a[/tex] value of HCOOH = [tex]1.77\times10^{-4}[/tex] (reference value}
We know that [tex]pK_a = -logK_a[/tex]
[tex]pK_a = -log(1.77\times10^{-4}) = 3.75[/tex]
Now, HCOOH is acid and HCOO⁻ is the conjugate base.
According to Henderson Hasselblach equation:
[tex]pH = pK_a + log\frac{[conjugate\ base]}{[acid]}\\ \therefore pH = 3.75 + log\frac{[HCOO^-]}{[HCOOH]}\\pH = 3.75 + log(\frac{0.08353}{0.32745})\\pH = 3.75 +(-0.59)\\pH = 3.16[/tex]
Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution is 3.16.
When weak acid is titrated with a strong base, the pH at the neutralization point is always greater than 7. It is because the conjugate base produced by weak acid in neutralization reaction is comparatively stronger in nature which produces [tex]OH^-[/tex] at neutralization point after reacting with water. so the solution is basic. As a result, pH is more than 7.
Now, the weaker is the acid, the stronger is the conjugate base, and vice-versa. Therefore, the concentration of [tex]OH^-[/tex] ions is more at the neutralization point. So more will be the pH value.
Given acids with the corresponding [tex]K_a[/tex] value are shown below:
[tex]K_a(HF) =6.8\times10^{-4}\\K_a(HNO_2) =4.5\times10^{-4}\\K_a(HClO_2) =1.1\times10^{-2}\\K_a(CH_3COOH) =1.8\times10^{-5}[/tex]
We know that lower the value of [tex]K_a[/tex] of acid, the weaker is the acid and vice-versa. Hence, [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] has lowest [tex]K_a[/tex] value compared to other acids. Therefore, [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] would produce the highest pH at the equivalence point in a weak acid-strong base titration.
Hence, The pH of the resulting solution is 3.16. Acetic acid having the formula [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] would produce the highest pH at the equivalence point in a weak acid-strong base titration.
To learn more about, acid-base titrations, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/6389903
Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with water to make auto engine coolants. How many grams of C2H6O2 are in 5.00 L of a 6.00 M aqueous solution
Answer:
1860g.
Explanation:
It is known that the molar mass of C2H6O2 is 62.08 g/mol.,
Now to solve for the number of moles of solute, one must multiply both
sides by the volume:
moles of solute = (6.00 M)(5.00 L) = 30.0 mol
Notice since the definition of molarity is mol/L, the
product M × L gives mol, a unit of amount.
Use the molar mass of C3H8O3, one can convert mol to g:
Mass m =30 mol × 62.08 g/mol
m = 1860g.
Hence, there are 1,860 g of C2H6O2 in the specified amount of
engine coolant.
Sobre ações relacionadas ao aquecimento global, assinale somente as alternativas corretas:
a) ( x) As ações humanas não influenciam no aumento da temperatura do planeta.
b) ( ) As mudanças climáticas são intensificadas pela emissão de gases das atividades humanas.
c) ( ) A queima de combustíveis fósseis e de florestas são as principais ações humanas que liberam gases que intensificam o efeito estufa.
d) ( ) O efeito estufa é um fenômeno natural.
e) ( ) Se as águas dos oceanos ficarem mais quentes, os furacões não terão tanta força.
Answer:
123456788012346778901234567890
