There is 50% chance of carrying the mutation, so there is a 50% chance that IV-1 will show the disease.
The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase alleles allow one to trace an individual's X chromosomes throughout the pedigree, and determine the probability that an individual inherits the beneficial X allele that causes there is a disease.
Examining person III-3, who has the disease, one can conclude that the "A" polymorphic form of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase goes with the disease locus. III-1 inherited his "A" allele from his mother (II-1), who has two "A" alleles, one on each X chromosome. Since we do not know which X chromosome in II-1 contains the mutated allele, II-1 has a 50% chance of passing on the X chromosome with the mutation to its daughter, III-1 ("B " allele in III. -1 from his father). When III-1 and III-2 have their child, IV-1, the "A" allele in IV-1 must come from the mother, because the father passed the Y chromosome to IV-1, not his X chromosome. .
This is the same chromosome that has a 50% chance of carrying the mutation, so there is a 50% chance that IV-1 will show the disease.
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two particles are moving toward each other. both particles have a strong positive charge. as they move toward each other, how will the electric charge between the two particles change
PLSSS HELPPP A A AANNANANANAN
When two particles are travelling in the same direction and both of them have a strong positive charge, they will resist one another and the forces will act in the opposite direction.
What is electric force?
The strength of the electrical force between two charges when they come together depends on the nature of the charges. If the charges are similar, the forces will repel one another; otherwise, they will do the opposite.
Accordingly, if two particles are travelling in the same direction and both of them have a strong positive charge, they will resist one another and the forces will act in the other direction.
Therefore, like charges attract and unlike charges repel.
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please help (earth science)
Knowledge of earth science empowers us to think globally and act locally—to make wise judgments about matters that are crucial to our lives as humans.
What is the earth sciences' contribution?Numerous methods in which society can adapt to its environment are aided by the work of earth scientists.Their understanding of the stratigraphy, structure, and chemical makeup of the earth's crust enables us to find resources that improve and sustain our standard of living.
Why should we aid the planet?The food we eat, the air we breathe, and the water we use to irrigate our crops are all gifts from our woods, rivers, oceans, and soils. They provide us with a wide range of additional products and services that are essential to our well-being, happiness, and prosperity.
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A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring is known as a?
Answer: It is known as a species.
Explanation:
Most of life on Earth depends on which of the following? *
O
animals that eat plants
O photosynthetic organisms
O animals that eat other animals
O consumers on the second trophic level
Answer:
Explanation:
B photosynthetic organisms did the exam good luck
Name a product of cellular respiration that is used as a reactant in photosynthesis? (SC.912.L.18.9)
02
O ATP
Glucose
CO 2
Carbon dioxide is a product of cellular respiration that is used as a reactant in photosynthesis (option 4).
What are the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?Photosynthesis is a metabolic pathway that plants and algae use to generate simple carbs such as glucose by using reactant carbon dioxide, water, and also sunlight.
Conversely, cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic cells in order to generate ATP, which is considered the energy coin of the cells. In cellular respiration, the reactants include foods such as glucose molecules and oxygen, while the products of this pathway include carbon dioxide and also the generation of ATP.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are different in terms of reactants and products and both metabolic pathways may be considered complementary in terms of the generation and use of substrates.
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human ecology what are three risk management strategies and their application to protect our health.
Three risk management strategies are :
* Avoidance.
* Retention.
* Loss Prevention and Reduction.
Healthcare is the development of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration, or remedy of sickness, infection, injury, and other bodily and intellectual impairments in human beings. Fitness care is delivered with the aid of fitness professionals and allied health fields.
Health care facilitates saving you from diseases and improves the nice of existence. Wholesome people 2030 focuses on improving fitness care best and making sure everybody gets the fitness care offerings they need. Helping fitness care companies communicate extra effectively can help improve fitness and properly-being.
Health care is defined as specific tiers of care: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
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Explain why the potential energy increases when ice starts to melt and becomes liquid water.
Enter your answer in the space below.
swer inside this box
Answer:
Explanation:
While the ice melts kinetic energy is being added to the particles. This breaks the bond and causes a change of state making the solid become a liquid.
our bodies need essential fatty acids that are found in unsaturated fats we must consume. which essential fatty acid is called alpha linolenic acid and is found in fish and flaxseed oil?
The correct answer is omega-3 fatty acid is called alpha linolenic acid and is found in fish and flaxseed oil.
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the most prevalent omega-3 fatty acid in the majority of Western diets, can be found in leafy green vegetables, flax seeds and flaxseed oil, vegetable oils, nuts (especially walnuts), and some animal fat, particularly from grass-fed animals. The most crucial fats, however, are those that our bodies are unable to produce and must obtain from diet. These essential fatty acids (EFAs) are composed of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, which belong to the omega-6 category (omega-3 group). To thrive, we require both categories of essential fatty acids. A polyunsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons, -linolenic acid, is necessary for good health. Humans cannot produce the chemical because they lack the necessary enzymes, therefore it must be consumed through food.
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How does photosynthesis affect the amount of carbon in the atmosphere
The rate of photosynthesis typically increases unless it is constrained by another factor because an increase in carbon dioxide content accelerates the rate at which carbon is integrated into carbohydrates in the light-independent process.
Rate of photosynthesis
Since the rate of photosynthesis and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are directly proportional, a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide will result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
To create the glucose molecule, the carbon dioxide is reduced using electrons from the hydroxyl ion(OH-) formed during the photolysis of water. The plant uses the extra glucose to store it as starch after using it as needed by the plant. As carbon dioxide levels rise, photosynthesis accelerates.
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in a population founded from two manx cats, why does the dominant allele not just disappear after 100 generations of selection?
The dominant allele is safeguarded in the heterozygote component of the Manx cat population because selection only affects homozygous dominant animals.
What distinguishes homozygous from heterozygous genetic makeup?
Each gene has two alleles, or variations, in each of us. When two identical copies of a gene are present, you are said to be homozygous for that gene. It contrasts with a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles are distinct. Everyone who possesses a recessive trait, such as red hair or blue eyes, is homozygous for that gene.What is a homozygous example?
illustrative sentences using homozygous and heterozygous terms
You are homozygous for blonde hair if you have two copies of the allele. You are heterozygous for hair color if you have one copy of the gene for blonde hair and one copy of the allele for brown hair.
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if cooking a beef roast with significant amounts of collagen, how can the meat be most effectively tenderized? a.mechanically tenderize meat or cut the collagen from the meat b.use a moist-heat cooking method to change the collagen to gelatin c.slice thinly across the grain of the meat d.roast to rare or medium rare
Option B - Whenever roasting beef that contains a lot of collagen, To make gelatin, cook the collagen using a wet heat method.
At 160/70, collagen begins to break down into gelatin. The meat becomes dryer, but at 160F the collagen-containing connective tissues start to turn into gelatin. Muscle fibers that had been tightly bound start to easily stretch apart over time. The flesh appears more tender because of the succulence that the gelatins produce, despite the fact that the fibers are still very stiff and dry.
Therefore, we want our meat to be cooked tenderly so that the rough collagen is transformed into gelatin while minimizing moisture loss. The fact that these techniques conflict with one another is what makes cooking meat difficult or problematic. However, temperatures must be lower than 130F in order to avoid moisture loss. It takes longer and higher temperatures to transform collagen into gelatin.
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Carbon dioxide and water> simple compounds 1> complex compounds 2> simple compounds 3> Carbon dioxide and water + X. What does X represent in this diagram of the biological process?
1) The organisms that carry out process 1 are green plants
2) Process 3 is respiration
3) X stands for energy.
What is photosynthesis?We know that photosynthesis is the process by which the green plants can be able to produce their own food by the combination of carbon dioxide and water.
Also, there could be the break down of the sugars that are formed in the process of photosynthesis and this would lead to the release of the carbon dioxide and the water again into the environment. This process also leads to the release of energy.
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Describe the characteristics shared by humans and other primates that suggest they have a common ancestor.
Answer:
Humans and other primates share many characteristics that suggest they have a common ancestor. Some of these characteristics include:
1. Opposable thumbs: Humans and other primates have opposable thumbs that allow them to grasp objects and manipulate them with precision.
2. Forward-facing eyes: Humans and other primates have forward-facing eyes that give them binocular vision and depth perception.
3. Large brains: Humans and other primates have relatively large brains compared to other animals, which is associated with advanced cognitive abilities.
4. Skeletal structure: Humans and other primates have similar skeletal structures, with four limbs and five digits on each limb.
5. Similar DNA: Humans and other primates share a significant amount of DNA, indicating a common ancestry.
These shared characteristics provide evidence that humans and other primates evolved from a common ancestor.
pls award brainliest!
Explanation:
4.The U.S. Municipal Solid Wastes data below show the generation of
waste in pounds per person per day and total waste generation in million
tons per year.
Year
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2002
2006
2007
2008
Daily Waste
Total Waste
(pounds per person/day) (millions of tons pear year)
2.7
88.1
3.3
3.7
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.5
121.1
151:1
205.2
238.3
239.4
251.3
254.6
249.6
Percentage
Recycled
6.4
6.6
9.6
16.2
24.5
29.5
32.3
33.1
33.2 According to the data in the graph, in which year did recycling have the greatest effect on total waste by percentage of waste recycled?
Answer:
According to the data in the table, the year with the greatest effect on total waste by percentage of waste recycled was 2007. In that year, 33.1% of the waste was recycled, which was the highest percentage of recycling out of all the years listed in the table.
Which correctly describes the diagram?
The diagram correctly describes the phylogenetic relationships between different taxonomic groups in the classification of vertebrate animals.
What is a phylogenetic tree diagram?A phylogenetic tree diagram can be defined as a graphical representation of the relationships between different species and or taxonomic groups based on evolution, i.e., in the presence of the most recent common ancestor in all members of the groups.
A phylogenetic tree diagram is always based on homologies that are shared between taxa, which may be associated with certain morphological traits such as occurs in this case where it serves to classify groups according to the phenotypic traits that differentiate them.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a phylogenetic tree diagram is based on the process of evolution which lead to the most recent common ancestor in the organism and or taxonomic groups represented in this tree.
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4) A hospital in Vienna noted that many of their female patients were dying of "childbed fever" after they had given
birth in the hospital. The rates of this fever were much higher in the hospital than they were for women who had given
birth at a different clinic. In fact, 10% of the women at the hospital contracted fever compared to 4% at the clinic.
Ignatz Semmelweis thought that the fever was being transmitted on the hands of doctors when they went from the
He asked the doctors to wash their hands and the number of cases of "childbed fever"
morgue to examine women.
He also noted that a doctor contracted the same fever after he cut himself with a scalpel that had been
were reduced.
used on an autopsy.
Semmelweis concluded that the fever was caused by some element that could be transferred from person to person.
REASONING: If fever is something that could be transferred from person to person, then...
Answer:
Explanation:
#
1. What makes Charles Darwin an important person to learn about?
Answer: Charles Darwin is an important person to learn about because he is the scientist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory explains how species change over time through the process of natural selection, where individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection has had a profound impact on the scientific understanding of the natural world, and it is considered to be one of the most important scientific theories of all time. It has been supported by a vast body of scientific evidence and has helped to explain a wide range of phenomena in biology, including the diversity of life on Earth and the adaptations of organisms to their environment.
In addition to his contributions to science, Darwin is also an important figure in the history of science. He was one of the first scientists to systematically study and document the process of evolution, and his work laid the foundation for many of the advances that have been made in the field of biology over the past 150 years. His ideas have also had a significant impact on other fields, including psychology, sociology, and anthropology. As such, learning about Charles Darwin and his contributions to science can help us to better understand the natural world and the forces that shape it.
the importance of stem cells is that they are differentiated and can become..
The importance of stem cells is that they are differentiated and can become daughter cells.
Why are stem cells important in differentiation?Stem cells have the potential to serve as the foundation of treatments for a wide range of illnesses due to their capacity to develop into almost any type of cell in the body. Standardized methods for stem cell cultivation and differentiation will be created as research advances.
In the body, stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. They act as the body's system for repairs. Adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells are the two primary categories of stem cells.
Therefore, one can say that daughter cells are created when stem cells divide properly in the body or a lab to create more cells. These daughter cells either differentiate into more stem cells or into cells with a more focused purpose.
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sexual selection in a population choose one: a. can lead to physical differences between the males and females of a species. b. does not lead to evolution. c. reduces genetic variation in the population. d. always favors individuals with a higher survival potential.
The right response is option a, which states that morphological distinctions between males and females of a species can result from sexual selection in a population.
The tail of a peacock is a good illustration of partner selection. Peahens choose peacocks with huge, vibrant tails, which allows those peacocks to mate more frequently and produce younger ones. The genes for a long, colourful tail will be passed down from the father to the male peachicks, who will inherit these genes and develop comparable tails. There are two main factors that influence sexual selection. One is the preference of one sex (typically females) for members of the opposite sex who display particular features. The other is higher strength, which (often in males) results in better success in courting females.
So, we can conclude that option a, which claims that sexual selection can lead to physical differences between males and females of a species in a population, is the appropriate response.
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2.01 LC)
The following picture shows the three primary types of plate boundaries. Which boundary is being shown in label D? Oconvergent boundary zone ODivergent boundary zone Oplate boundary zone Otransform boundary zone
The type of plate boundary which is shown in label D in the picture is convergent boundary.
What is convergent boundary and what are its features?Two plates travelling in the opposite directions clash at a convergent boundary. The less dense plate, usually the continental plate, is subducted beneath the denser plate, which is often the oceanic plate. The plates often stretch downward at the boundary as a result of the tremendous stress from the subduction, leading to the formation of an oceanic trench.
Volcanic arcs, which are chains of volcanoes, are a typical feature of convergent boundaries. These are created by the fractures that occur at the border brought on by the stress between the two plates. The melting of the subducted plate causes the magma to rise through the fractures as it descends into the mantle. A volcanic mountain is formed at the surface by the magma. There will grow a number of mountains (a mountain chain) as a result of the boundary's multiple cracks.
In the given picture, at label D, features like trench and subducting plate signify the convergent boundary.
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mycobacterium tuberculosis is taken up by lung macrophages but is not digested. what protects these bacteria in the macrophage so that they can survive and reproduce in the lungs?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). Although the TB germs typically assault the lungs, they can also affect the kidney, spine, and brain. Not every person who contracts the TB germs gets ill.
Before killing a macrophage, M. tuberculosis cells first group together and "gang up" on it. The macrophage then engulfs the clump and perishes from bacterial overpowering. The germs are not eliminated as a result, and they multiply quickly inside the decomposing macrophage. M. tuberculosis can lay dormant inside the host cells for years while still having the ability to get active. M. tuberculosis can avoid the host's active immune system thanks to its dormancy or latency. The host-pathogen surface of MTB has a specific envelope made of particular lipids, which aids in immune escape [112]. According to Chen et al., phagocyte MTB escapes into the cytoplasm in order to prevent lysosome death.
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11 of 52
Prokaryotes contain no
Answer:Prokaryotes contain no
those who live in rural areas face a greater risk of infectious disease than those who live in cities. True/False
Answer:
Explanation:
thamks
. What determines whether the relationship between a fungus and a plant is commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism?
A.) Where the fungus is located in the plant.
B.) How long the fungus survives in the plant.
C.) Whether the fungus reproduces in the plant with spores, seeds, or runners.
D.) Whether the effect of the fungus on the plant is neutral, positive or negative.
Whether the effect of the fungus on the plant is neutral, positive or negative determines whether the relationship between a fungus and a plant is commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism.
Plant and fungi characteristics
Symbiotic interactions called mycorrhizae develop between fungi and plants. In exchange for improved water and nutrient uptake, the fungi invade the roots of a host plant and receive carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis from the plant.
Chlorophyll exists in plants. Chlorophyll does not exist in fungi. Most plants have stems, roots, and leaves. Hyphae are part of the fungus's body (they interconnect to form mycelium). Their cells each have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles since they are both eukaryotic, which means they are both members of the Eukarya domain. Both of them are stationary, include many cells, have cell walls, and are frequently multicellular.
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Production of oxygen during photosynthesis
is the primary goal of photosynthesis.
S
direct result of the electron transport chain.
is the byproduct of the breakdown of water.
occurs during the light-independent reactions
Chlorophyll takes energy from sunlight during the light-dependent processes that occur at the thylakoid membrane and then transforms it into chemical energy using water. As a consequence of the water's hydrolysis, oxygen is released by the light-dependent processes.
What is the purpose of photosynthesis in general?The primary goal of photosynthesis is to transform solar radiation into chemical energy that may be utilised to produce food.
The process of breaking down sugar in the presence of oxygen in the mitochondria of organisms (animals and plants) releases energy in the form of ATP.
While carbon dioxide is reduced inside the plant cell, water is oxidised, which means it loses electrons.
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Blood pressure is usually measured in the ________ artery with a sphygmomanometer.
PLS HELP!!!!
Which option best describes a scientific consensus?(1 point)
A. a general agreement among a few scientists that is supported by experimentation and investigation
B. an observation made by a scientist that is supported by experimentation and investigation
C. a general agreement among many scientists that is supported by evidence and reasoning
D. an observation made by a scientist that is supported by evidence and reasoning
_______________________________________________________
How is “lock and key” used to describe the action of enzymes? (1 point)
A. Enzymes are able to create gaps in cell walls that allow products to leave cells.
B. Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the reactants, like a key in a lock.
C. Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the reactants, like a key in a lock.
D. Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the products, like a key in a lock.
The option that best describes a scientific consensus is a general agreement among many scientists that are supported by evidence and reasoning.
The correct option is C.
The lock and key model of enzyme catalysis is described as follows:
Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the reactants, like a key in a lock.
The correct option is B.
What is a scientific consensus?A scientific consensus is a common agreement about a particular idea or theory that has achieved general acceptance among scientists.
A scientific consensus is arrived at after several corresponding experiments or research on a particular theory or idea by scientists all over the world.
When a scientific consensus is reached, the idea becomes a theory upon which other scientific ideas are based on and used to explain other ideas.
Enzymes are specific in their action and the mechanism of their action has been described using the lock and key model.
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a parent cell has a total of 12 chromosomes. how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells contain after mitosis? after meiosis?
If the cells have 12 chromosomes during interphase, each daughter cell will continue to contain 12 chromosomes even after mitosis is complete. Then At the end of meiosis II (which is similar to mitosis and hence, equational division occurs) it would have 12 chromosomes.
what is mitosis ?In cell biology, the cell cycle phase known as mitosis is when replicated chromosomes are divided into two new nuclei. Mitosis, the process of cell division, creates genetically identical cells with a constant number of chromosomes. Thus, equational division is another name for mitosis.
what is meiosis ?In sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis is a unique type of cell division of germ cells that results in the production of gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It comprises two rounds of division, producing four cells with only one copy of each chromosome as a final product.
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what is the viral envelope, and what does the presence (or absence) of it tell you about the type of virus?
The envelope, which is derived from the host cell membrane, surrounds the viral capsid and serves as just an additional barrier to a external environment. The vast majority of animal viruses are enveloped, whereas the vast majority of viruses that infect plants or bacteria are not.
The viral genome is packaged in a protein coat known as the capsid in virus particles. For some viruses, the capsid is surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing viral proteins, which typically include proteins that allow the virus to bind to host cells. The virus envelope is a lipid and protein structure derived from the host cell membranes. Viral genetic material is contained within protein structures known as capsids.
Viruses are classified into two types: enveloped viruses, which have an outer lipid membrane, and nonenveloped viruses, which do not. The envelope, when present, contains viral proteins that mediate binding to host cells. When there is no envelope, the outer capsid proteins perform this function. Nonenveloped viruses, in general, are more stable and can survive in the environment for much longer. The method of viral entry and exit from host cells is determined by capsids and envelopes.
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what are lymphatic nodules? multiple choice regions of bone marrow that produce lymphocytes encapsulated lymphatic organs compact masses of lymphatic tissue
The lymphatic nodules are compact masses of lymphatic tissue.
Small bean-shaped structures known as lymph nodes are typically less than 2.5 cm long. Throughout the body, they are widely dispersed along the lymphatic routes where they filter the lymph before it is returned to the blood. In the central nervous system, there are no lymph nodes. Lymph nodes often collect in three superficial areas on either side of the body. The inguinal nodes in the groyne, axillary nodes in the armpit, and cervical nodes in the neck are these regions.
A connective tissue capsule surrounds the normal lymph node, which is split into lymph nodules. The lymph nodules are surrounded by lymph sinuses, which are dense collections of lymphocytes and macrophages.
Hence, node are the reservoir of the lymph and immune cell.
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