A woman who has had five preganacies tests positive for HIV by Western blot. What is the most likely reason for this result

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

Multiparous women often have HLA antibodies. The Western blot antigens are derived from HIV grown in human cell lines having HLA antigens. A cross reaction with HLA antigen(s) in the Western blot could have occurred.


Related Questions

What molecules are required for the Calvin cycle? (3 answers)

Answers

Answer:After the energy from the sun is converted and packaged into ATP and NADPH, the cell has the fuel needed to build food in the form of carbohydrate molecules. The carbohydrate molecules made will have a backbone of carbon atoms. Where does the carbon come from? The carbon atoms used to build carbohydrate molecules comes from carbon dioxide, the gas that animals exhale with each breath. The Calvin cycle is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules.

Explanation:The Interworkings of the Calvin Cycle

In plants, carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the chloroplast through the stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the site of the Calvin cycle reactions where sugar is synthesized. The reactions are named after the scientist who discovered them, and reference the fact that the reactions function as a cycle. Others call it the Calvin-Benson cycle to include the name of another scientist involved in its discovery (Figure 5.14).

This illustration shows that ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to make sugar.

Answer:

CO2, ATP, and NADPH

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How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?

Answers

Answer:

31 pairs is correct

Explanation:

In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column.

Which two atoms form an ionic bond?
A.sodium and bromine
B. two sodium atoms
C. two oxygen atoms
D fluorine and chlorine

Answers

Answer:

sodium and bromine

Explanation:

The one valence electron from sodium would be transferred to the bromine atom so they can both have an octet.

Which two atoms form an ionic bond?

Answer : A

Explanation : Ionic bond is a type of chemical bond and binds the chemical molecules together. Ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from an electropositive element ( metal) to the electronegative element (non metal).

Sodium is an electropositive element and contains one positive charge. Bromine is an electronegative element with a single negative charge over it. Sodium gives the electron to bromine and results in the formation of ionic bond.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

Hope this helps you!

what is a spygnomanometer ? ​

Answers

Answer:

an instrument for measuring blood pressure

Explanation:

an instrument for measuring blood pressure typically consisting of an inflatable rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff.

Ciliated ependymal cells: A) help form the blood-brain barrier. B) circulate cerebrospinal fluid. C) form myelin in the brain and spinal cord. D) serve as wandering phagocytes during brain injury.

Answers

Ciliated ependymal cells: circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Ependymal cells are a type of epithelial cell that is associated with the cavities of the body through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.

They are part of glial cells, which share space with neurons in the nervous system.

They create the membranes that keep cerebrospinal fluid circulating through the ependymal canal of the spinal cord and the cerebral ventricles.

For this, the ciliated structure that these cells present is essential for a correct movement of the cerebrospinal fluid, preventing it from spilling through other tissues and passing to areas of the body where it should not be.

The cilia move rhythmically creating tiny currents for fluid to flow through the central nervous system.

A small fraction of highly specialized and modified ependymal cells, called choroidal cells, are responsible for generating this essential fluid.

Therefore, we can conclude that ciliated ependymal cells circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

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What are the two arms of chromosome called?
a. Centromere
b. Chromatid
c. Nucleotides
d. Histones​

Answers

a. centromere

hope this helps

How can slime molds be both unicellular and multicellular?

Answers

you look like a daniela

Out in the distance you see

Answers

i believe the answer is H. Bear.

Some fossil snakes have remnants of hip bones and legs even though these animals had no legs. These remnant structures are best described as:

Answers

Some fossil snakes have remnants of hip bones and legs even though these animals had no legs. These remnant structures are best described as: vestigial structures.

Vestigial structures are organic structures that do not appear to fulfill any important biological function in the organism that possesses them.

These structures are preserved as an inheritance of the evolutionary process, because at some point in the history of evolution an ancestor of the current species had that structure.

These types of structures, which can be bones, organs, structures in the skin or any other part of the body, no longer offer any meaningful function for the body.

The presence of vestigial structures in animals is considered proof that evolution and natural selection exists.

Therefore, we can conclude that some fossil snakes have remnants of hip bones and legs even though these animals had no legs. These remnant structures are best described as vestigial structures.

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based on the magnetic field line diagrams, what will happen next with these two sets of magnets?

Answers

The answer is A

The magnets in step 1 will repel and the ones in set 2 will attract

Answer: its A

Explanation:

Describe how ions, water and sugar are obtained and transported
through plants. In your answer you should refer to materials moving upwards in a plant and to
materials moving downwards in a plant

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Water moves through the xylem in a stream called a transpiration stream, up to the leaves of the plant. Sugar is made during the process of photosynthesis. Unlike water and ions, it travels through the plant via the phloem, moving up and down through the plant.

the principal mineralocorticoid is _____________ that helps regulate levels of _____________ in the blood and body fluids.

Answers

Answer:

The principal mineralocorticoid is aldosterone that helps regulate levels of sodium and potassium ions in the blood and body fluids.

Is it True or false?

Answers

False, plant cells have cell walls while animal cells do not. Both however, have cell membranes.

Where does the CO2 produced during the Krebs Cycle come from

Answers

Answer:

Uhhh the answer is in the explanation

Explanation:

The citric acid cycle, shown in —also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) or the Krebs cycle—is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate—derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—into carbon dioxide.

white rami carry _________ neurons, while gray rami carry _________ neurons.

Answers

Answer: myelinated preganglionic, unmyelinated postganglionic

Explanation:

Just took the test

How is humus formed?Explain.​

Answers

Answer:

Humus is formed when organic material (such as leaves, dead animals etc.) is degraded by a combination of fungi, bacteria, microbes and other animals (earthworms for example) that reside in the soil.

Explanation:

Answer:

Hey mate....

Explanation:

This is ur answer...

Humus is dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays. When plants drop leaves, twigs, and other material to the ground, it piles up. The thick brown or black substance that remains after most of the organic litter has decomposed is called humus.

Hope it helps!

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5. It is the process of separating coconut pulp (sapal) from coconut milk.
A on stallization B. disollation C. filtration
D. flotation​

Answers

Answer:

the answer is c

Explanation:

filtration

Sperm cells have a whip like ____ to move them through a liquid.

Answers

Answer:

tail

Explanation:

Answer:

flagellum

Explanation:

a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa.

The process of glycolysis produces 4 ATP total, but we say that the net ATP production is 2 ATP. What happened to the two other ATP molecules

Answers

The process of glycolysis requires two ATP molecules to get started.

Where does energy go in respiration

Answers

Answer:

Summary. Through the process of cellular respiration, the energy in food is converted into energy that can be used by the body's cells. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and the energy is transferred to ATP.

spermiogenesis begins with a ________ and ends with a ________.

Answers

Answer:

Answer:

germ cell and four gametes

Explanation:

Spermiogenesis begins with a  germ cell   and ends with    four gametes.

Which of the following help to break down proteins?

Answers

Answer:

b. Pepsin and trysin

Explanation: is correct

B) pepsin and trysin

a section of a dna molecule that controls the thumb is called a

Answers

Answer:

gene

Explanation:

Explain why it is not accurate to call a virus that kills bacteria a “bacteria eater."

Answers

Answer:

When viruses attack cells, they release genetic material that is coded to multiply, then the cells divide and more viruses are spread, the viruses do not eat.

Explanation:

if mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the g1 checkpoint, they will:

Answers

If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cell cycle and divide normally.

What is the Cell Cycle?

The cell cycle may be defined as the entire sequence of events happening from the end of one nuclear division to the beginning of the next nuclear division.

There are three major checkpoints in the cell cycle. One at the end of the G1 phase, the second at the end of the G2 phase, and while third is during the M phase.

Therefore, if mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cell cycle and divide normally.

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What organism belongs to the Prokaryotic domain of life and it comes in three different
shapes, such as cocci, rod, and spiral?

Answers

Answer:

eubacteria

Explanation:

I took the quiz :)

The organisms that belong to the Prokaryotic domain of life and it comes in three different shapes, such as cocci, rods, and spirals are known as Eubacteria.

What do you mean by the Prokaryotic domain?

The prokaryotic domain may be characterized as the kingdom of Prokaryotes is significantly made up of two domains namely, Archaea and Bacteria. These eubacteria are classified under the domain of bacteria which is represented by the relation based on the DNA experimental approach.

According to the context of this question, there are mainly three types of eubacteria commonly found. They are round (coccus), rod-like (bacillus), comma-shaped (vibrio), or spiral. All these types of different body plans, structures, and functions with respect to their morphology.

Therefore, eubacterium is a type of organism that belongs to the Prokaryotic domain of life and it comes in three different shapes, such as cocci, rod, and spiral.

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In the GAL gene system, ________ are cis-acting regulatory elements, and the ________ protein is a trans-acting regulatory protein.

Answers

Answer:

UASG; Gal4

Explanation:

How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured using products or reactants.

Answers

Answer:

Theory of Measurements:

Leaf photosynthetic rate is measured by enclosing a leaf in a closed, transparent chamber and measuring the decrease in carbon dioxide concentration as a function of time.

The main goal of photosynthesis is to produce what?

Answers

Answer:

To spread carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Explanation:

Plants produce carbon dioxide and oxygen. This is called photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll appears green because it…?

Answers

Answer:

Chlorophyll gives plants their green color because it does not absorb the green wavelengths of white light. That particular light wavelength is reflected from the plant, so it appears green. Plants that use photosynthesis to make their own food are called autotrophs.

Answer:

A. absorbs green light

B. reflects green light

C. emits green light

ANSWER: B. reflects green light

Explanation:

our eyes can only see what objects reflect, so if it's appearing green then obviously it's reflecting the green light.

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