Answer:
a. Labor Productivity:
Country Sales (Units) Labour (hours) Productivity (Sales/Labour hours)
U.S 100,000 20,000 5 units / hours
LDC 20,000 15,000 1.33 units/ hours
Capital Productivity
Country Sales (Units) Capital (hours) Productivity (Sales/Capital hours)
U.S 100,000 60,000 1.67 units / hour
LDC 20,000 5,000 4 units / hours
Conclusion: Yes, the result seems confusing. The labour productivity in U.S. is higher than LDC while the capital productivity in U.S. is lower than LDC which is contradictory.
b. Multi-factor productivity for Labor and Capital
Country Sales Input Productivity
(Units) (Labor + Capital) (units/hours)
U.S. 100,000 80,000 1.25 units/hour
(20,000 + 60,000)
LDC 20,000 20,000 1 units/hour
(15,000 + 5,000)
Conclusion: Yes it make sense as multi-factor productivity is better than partial productivity. Labor and capital are subtitles and that gives better presentation of the productivity.
c. Raw material productivity
Country Sales Raw material Productivity
(Units) (Currency) (units/hours)
U.S. 100,000 $20,000 5 units per dollar
LDC 20,000 = $2,000 10 units per dollar
Conclusion: The figures are greater in subsidiary because the price paid for raw material is much slower than the parent country.
Note: $1 = FC 10
$20,000 = FC 10
FC = $20,000 / 10 = $2,000
Morgan Company issues 10%, 20-year bonds with a par value of $720,000 that pay interest semiannually. The current market rate is 9%. The amount paid to the bondholders for each semiannual interest payment is:
Answer:
$36,000
Explanation:
Calculation for the amount to be paid to the bondholders for each semiannual interest payment
Using this formula
Semiannual interest payment = Face value Amount*Interest Rate*Time
Let plug in the formula
Semiannual interest payment = $720,000*0.10*0.50
Semiannual interest payment = $36,000
The amount paid to the bondholders for each semiannual interest payment is $36,000
Pioneer Venture Capital firm recently offered a biotech company $50 million funding in exchange for 25% of the biotech company's ownership. What is the company's implied post-money valuation
Answer:
The company's implied post-money valuation is $200 million.
Explanation:
Post-money valuation is a technique that is employed to determine the value of a firm after making an investment in the company.
The calculation of the implied post-money valuation is done by dividing the investment amount offered by the percentage of ownership the investor is getting in exchange. This can be expressed as follows:
Implied post money valuation = Investment amount offered / Ownership percentage ............................ (1)
Since from the question, we have:
Investment amount offered = $50,000,000
Ownership percentage = 25%
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
Implied post money valuation = $50,000,000 / 25% = $200,000,000
Therefore, the company's implied post-money valuation is $200 million.
Perkins Company own 85% of Sheraton Company. Perkins Company sells merchandise to Sheraton Company at 20% above cost. During 2008 and 2009, such sales amounted to $450,000 and $486,000, respectively. At the end of each year, Sheraton Company had in its inventory one-third of the amount of goods purchased from Perkins during that year.
Prepare the workpaper entries necessary to eliminate the effects of the intercompany sales for 2008 and 2009.
Answer:
2008
Correct Overstatement
Cost of Sales $450,000 (debit)
Revenue $450,000 (credit)
Correct Unrealized Profit in Inventory
Cost of Sales $25,000 (debit)
Inventory $25,000 (credit)
2009
Adjustments of Opening Balances
Retained Earnings $25,000 (debit)
Cost of Sales $25,000 (credit)
Correct Overstatement
Cost of Sales $486,000 (debit)
Revenue $486,000 (credit)
Correct Unrealized Profit in Inventory
Cost of Sales $27,000 (debit)
Inventory $27,000 (credit)
Explanation:
The Sale of merchandise by Perkins Company (Parent) to Sheraton Company (Subsidiary) is an Intragroup transaction since the companies form a group.
This results in the Cost of Goods Sold and Revenue being overstated for each intra-sale transaction and an unrealized profit resulting in the inventory that has not been sold at the end of the period.
The above are the necessary adjustments that are required to correct the overstatement and unrealized profits.
Fed is open to changing bond policy Fed policymakers signaled for the first time that they could increase or decrease stimulation of the economy in the future, but not now. Source: Los Angeles Times, May 1, 2013 What are the ripple effects and time lags that the Fed must consider in deciding when to increase or decrease stimulation of the economy?
Answer:
When the Fed raises the federal funds rate, the inflation rate decreases about two years later.
Explanation:
When trying to stimulate the economy either by increasing or decreasing, policymakers have to take into consideration how it would effect interest rate, amount of money available in the economy, loans that would be acquired by banks and the behavior of interest rate.
Interest rate can be impacted quickly even though the period of time it would take for such action to have a reflection on what quantity of money is available in the economy. Then also a period of 2 years would be taken for this action to take effect on inflation.
Therefore
When the Fed raises the federal funds rate, the inflation rate decreases about two years later.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Investment in another company's common stock is classified as a cash outflow from financing activities in the statement of cash flows.
B. Losses on the sale of long-term assets are an adjustment reported in the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows under the indirect method.
C. Dividends paid are classified as a cash outflow from operating activities in the statement of cash flows.
D. Re-payment of long-term debt is classified as a cash outflow from investing activities in the statement of cash flows.
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
Loss on the sale of long-term assets is an adjustment which will be added back to the net income. This is under the cash flow from operations when preparing cash flow using an indirect method.
Option A is incorrect because investment in another company is under investing activities.
Option C is incorrect because dividend paid are usually under financing activities (cash outflow)
Option D is incorrect because repayment of long term debt is a cash outflow under financing activities.
If the price of steel, an input into the production of automobiles, rises, and at the same time the price of gasoline rises, what will happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of automobiles
Answer:
a decrease in equilibrium quantity
an indeterminate effect on equilibrium price.
Explanation:
An increase in the price of steel would raise the production cost of cars. as a result the supply curve would shift inwards or to the left. price would rise and quantity would fall.
A rise in the price of gasoline would increase the cost of fuelling one's car. As a result the demand for cars would fall. the demand curve would shift inward. Quantity and price would fall.
Taking these two effects together, there would be a decrease in equilibrium quantity but an indeterminate effect on equilibrium price.
Check the attached image for a diagram explaining the effects of these changes
How would you make a convincing case that open trade in goods and services as well as free flow of foreign direct investment will enhance the well-being of (a) consumers, (b) pro-ducers, and (c) the government of countries? Give specific examples to prove your position.
Answer:
(a) consumers
Consumers are those who benefit the most from open trade and foreign direct investment. This is because these two economic policies increase the producion and delivery of goods and services, making them cheaper.
(b) producers
While some producers would be affected by open trade, most producers would benefit. Firms are allowed to specialize in producing those goods and services for which they have a competitive advantage, and they can also profit from increased foreign investment.
(c) the government of countries
Governments also benefit from these economic policies. They higher well-being of society means more government credibility, and the higher economic growth means more government revenue in the form of taxes.
The case that open trade in goods and services, as well as free flow of foreign direct investment, should be described below:
Consumers, producers, and government:Consumers are those who benefit the most from open trade and foreign direct investment. While some producers would be affected by open trade, most producers would benefit. Governments also benefit from these economic policies. The higher well-being of society means more government credibilitylearn more about the investment here: https://brainly.com/question/16822436?referrer=searchResults
The mode of transportation that results in the lowest transportation cost will also lower total costs for a supply chain.
a) true
b) false
Answer: False
Explanation:
Transportation is the movement of individuals or goods from one place to another. Supply chain are the steps that are involved before a product will finally get to the consumer.
It should be noted that the mode of transportation that results in the lowest transportation cost will not necessarily lower total costs for a supply chain. This I because transportation isn't the only process involved on supply chain.
A broker is charged with discrimination. The Federal fair housing investigator notices that the Fair Housing Poster is not displayed in the broker's office. The investigator may
Answer:
charge the broker with discrimination with no further evidence
Explanation:
It is mandatory for a broker who markets dwelling for rent or sale to display fair housing poster in his or her office or at any dwelling meant for rent or sale. This is according to the Department of Housing and Urban development (HUD) that brokers who market dwelling should display such where they can be easily seen by persons who need the service of the broker to list or locate a dwelling or purchase same in a residential area.
The fair housing poster gives assurance to intending clients that the broker do not engage in any unlawful discriminatory services he offers. However, where a broker fails to paste the fair housing poster, he will not be subjected to any penalty but may be charged with discrimination by the federal fair housing investigator.
On July 1, Shady Creek Resort borrowed $250,000 cash by signing a 10-year, 8% installment note requiring equal payments each June 30 of $37,258. What amount of interest expense will be included in the first annual payment
Answer:
Interest expense = $20,000
Explanation:
Loan Amortization: A loan repayment method structured such that a series of equal periodic installments will be paid for certain number of periods to offset both the loan principal amount and the accrued interest.
The annual installment is computed as follows:
Annual installment= Loan amount/annuity factor
Annual installment is already given as = 37,258 (already given)
Interest payment = interest rate × Loan balance at the beginning of the year
DATA
Interest rate = 8%
Loan balance at the beginning of the year = $250,000
Interest expense = 8%× 250,000 = $20000
Principal paid = Annual installment - Interest = 37,258-20,000 = 17,258 (this is not required but to explain the concept)
Interest expense = $20,000
A salesperson shows his broker an offer for one of his listings that has a good faith deposit in the form of a promissory note. The broker should tell the salesperson that: Group of answer choices
Answer:
The seller must be informed when the offer is presented that the depositis a promissory note
Explanation:
A good faith deposit is one that is done by a buyer in which conditions are stated that could result in the loss of deposit by the buyer.
It is a deposit made by the buyer to show he intends to complete the payment later.
In this instance if there is a Goodwill deposit in form of a promissory note, the broker needs to be aware.
So that when he is bringing in a client he will consider the already existing deposit.
Deals that offer more deposit or full payment will be considered and the original buyer discarded.
measures that can be taken to increase equilibrium level of income.
Answer:
the government directly affects the level of equilibrium in come into specific ways government purchase of goods and services (G) increase aggregate demand and taxes and transfer separate the relation between income (d) and disposal income (YD) while the income available for consumption and savings with the households.
he beginning share price for a security over a three-year period was $50. Subsequent year-end prices were $62, $58 and $64. The arithmetic average annual rate of return and the geometric average annual rate of return for this stock were:
Answer:
Arithmetic average rate of return = 9.30%
geometric average annual rate of return = 8.58%
Explanation:
share price at the beginning = $50
time = 3 year
price at the end of year 1 = $62
price at the end of year 2 = $58
price at the end of year 3 = $64
Annual rate of return in year 1 = ($62 / $50 - 1) x 100 = 24%
Annual rate of return in year 2 = ($58 / $62 - 1) x 100 = -6.45%
Annual rate of return in year 3 = \($64 / $58 - 1) x 100 = 10.34%
Arithmetic average rate of return = sum of annual rate of return / 3
Arithmetic average rate of return = (24% + -6.45% + 10.34%) / 3
Arithmetic average rate of return = 9.30%
geometric average annual rate of return = { (1 + r1) x (1 + r2) x (1 + r3) }^1/3 - 1
= (1.24) x (0.9355) x (1.1034)^1/3 - 1 = 8.58%
Simon Company's year-end balance sheets follow.
At December 31 2015 2014 2013
Assets
Cash $25,267 $30,131 $31,387
Accounts receivable, net 75,450 50,642 41,435
Merchandise inventory 92,074 68,299 44,128
Prepaid expenses 8,301 8,066 3,418
193,532
Plant assets, net 231,487 215,775
Total assets $432,579 372,913 313,900
Liabilities and Equity
Accounts payable $106,635 $62,392 $41,849
Long-term notes payable secured by
mortgages on plant assets 79,698 84,912 71,453
Common stock, $10 par value 163,500 163,500 163,500
Retained earnings 82,746 62,109 37,098
Total liabilities and equity $432,579 $372,313 313,900
Express the balance sheets in common-size percents.
Answer:
Simon Company
Common-size percents Balance Sheet as of the years ended December 31 2015 2014 2013:
2015 % 2014 % 2013 %
Assets
Cash $25,267 5.8% $30,131 8.1% $31,387 10%
Accounts receivable, net 75,450 17.4% 50,642 13.6% 41,435 13.2%
Merchandise inventory 92,074 21.3% 68,299 18.3% 44,128 14.1%
Prepaid expenses 8,301 1.9% 8,066 2.2% 3,418 1.1%
201,092 46.5% 157,138 42.1% 120,368 38.3%
Plant assets, net 231,487 53.5% 215,775 57.9% 193,532 61.7%
Total assets $432,579 100% 372,913 100% 313,900 100%
Liabilities and Equity
Accounts payable $106,635 24.7% $62,392 16.7% $41,849 13.3%
Long-term notes payable secured by mortgages
on plant assets 79,698 18.4% 84,912 22.8% 71,453 22.8%
Total Liabilities $186,333 43.1% $147,304 39.5 $113,302 36.1%
Common stock, $10
par value 163,500 37.8% 163,500 43.8% 163,500 52.1%
Retained earnings 82,746 19.1% 62,109 16.7% 37,098 11.8%
Total liabilities and
equity $432,579 100% $372,913 100% 313,900 100%
Explanation:
Simon Company's balance sheets in common-size percents shows the relative values of assets and liabilities and equity in numeric and percentage terms to enable comparison. The company's balance sheet line items are expressed as percentages of the total, usually the total assets in each period. From the analysis, the management, investors, and other parties of Simon Company can understand the changes in the line items from year to year, thus making it possible for Simon Company to undertake a trend analysis.
Winston contracts to sell a plot of land called Blackacre to Paris for $500,000. Winston breaches the contract and Paris sues him. Blackacre's reasonable market value at the time of the breach was $525,000. Paris can recover: Group of answer choices only $25,000.
Answer:
Correct Answer:
C) only $25,000.
Explanation:
In the case between Blackacre and Paris over the piece of land, the value recoverable will be the difference between the original value of the land the the newest value of the land when the breach of contract occurs. Hence, the only amount recoverable by Paris would be $25, 000.
uestion 5
BROOKLYN LTD has developed a new product and is currently considering the marketing and pricing
policy it should employ for this. Specifically, it is considering whether the sales price should be set at Shs.
15,000 per unit or at the higher level of Shs. 24,000 per unit. Sales volume at these two (2) prices is shown
in the following table:
Sales price Shs. 15,000 per Unit
Forecast Sales volume Probability
20,000
0.1
30,000
0,6
40,000
0.3
Sales price Shs. 24,000 per Unit
Forecast Sales volume Probability
8,000
0.1
16,000
0.3
20,000
0.3
24,000
0.3
Answer:
BROOKLYN LTD
The selling price should be set at Shs. 15,000. At this price, there are more sales in unit and value than at the selling price of Shs. 24,000.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Shs. 15,000 Probability Expected Sales
Forecasted Sales Volume 20,000 10% 2,000
Forecasted Sales Volume 30,000 60% 18,000
Forecasted Sales Volume 40,000 30% 12,000
Total Expected sales 32,000
Total Sales Value = Shs. 480,000,000 (Shs. 15,000 x 32,000)
Shs. 24,000 Probability Expected Sales
Forecasted Sales Volume 8,000 10% 800
Forecasted Sales Volume 16,000 30% 4,800
Forecasted Sales Volume 20,000 30% 6,000
Forecasted Sales Volume 24,000 30% 7,200
Total Expected sales 18,800
Total Sales Value = Shs. 451,200,000 (Shs. 24,000 x 18,800)
Data pertaining to a company's joint production for the current period follows
Quantities produced 310 lbs. 260 lbs
Market value at split-off point . $10.2/lb. $20.4/lb
Compute the cost to be allocated to Product L for this period's $792 of joint costs if the value basis is used. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
a. $295.81.
b. $49619.
c. $39600.
d. $2,926.00.
e. $962.19.
Answer: a. $295.81.
Explanation:
Using the value basis would mean that the product's share of the total market value will be used to determine it's share of the cost.
Total Market Value = Product L Market Value + Product M Market Value
= (310 lbs * 10.2) + ( 260 lbs * 20.4)
= 3,162 + 5,304
= $8,466
Product L's share of total market value
= 3,162/8,466
Product L's share of the $792 based on share of total market value
= (3,162/8,466) * 792
= $295.8072
= $295.81
The risk-free rate is 5% and the tangency portfolio has 20% expected return and 40% return standard deviation. A risk-loving investor has $1000 of wealth and she seeks to attain 27.5% expected return. How much money does she need to borrow from the bank? A. 250 B. 500 C. 1500 D. 1000
Answer:
B. 500
Explanation:
Portfolio return = Weighted average return
Let the amount invested in portfolio is x and amount invested in risk free = 1000 - x
27.5% = 20%*x + 5%*(1000-x)
27.5% * 1,000 = 20%x + 50 – 5%x
0.275 * 1,000 = 15%x + 50
275 - 50 = 15%x
225 = 15%x
x = 225 / 0.15
x = $1,500
Hence, the amount of money borrowed = $1,500 - $1000
= $500
TB MC Qu. 6-63 Creswell Corporation's fixed monthly expenses ... Creswell Corporation's fixed monthly expenses are $23,000 and its contribution margin ratio is 63%. Assuming that the fixed monthly expenses do not change, what is the best estimate of the company's net operating income in a month when sales are $78,000
Answer:
Net operating income= $26,140
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Fixed costs= $23,000
The contribution margin ratio is 63%.
Sales= $78,000
First, we need to calculate the contribution margin:
Contribution margin= contribution margin ratio*sales
Contribution margin= 0.63*78,000
Contribution margin= 49,140
Net operating income= 49,140 - 23,000= $26,140
Harris Co. is considering a 12-year project that is estimated to cost $900,000 and has no residual value. Harris seeks to earn an average rate of return of 15% on all capital projects. Determine the necessary average annual income (using straight-line depreciation) that must be achieved on this project for it to be acceptable to Harris Co.
Answer:
annual income = $70,292.52
Explanation:
initial outlay $900,000
in order to determine the net cash flows per year we can use the present value of an ordinary annuity:
PV = annual cash flow x annuity factor
PV = $900,000 annuity factor, 15%, 12 years = 6.1944annual cash flow = $900,000 / 6.1944 = $145,292.52
annual cash flow = [(revenue - operating costs - depreciation) x (1 - tax rate)] + depreciation
revenue - operating costs - depreciation = annual incometax rate = 0?depreciation = $900,000 / 12 = $75,000$145,292.52 = annual income + $75,000
annual income = $145,292.52 - $75,000 = $70,292.52
Wilson Dover Inc. The total value (debt plus equity) of Wilson Dover Inc. is $500 million and the face value of its 1-year coupon debt is $200 million. The volatility (σ) of Wilson Dover's total value is 0.60, and the risk-free rate is 5%. Assume that N(d1) = 0.9720 and N(d2) = 0.9050. Refer to the data for Wilson Dover Inc. What is the yield on Wilson Dover's debt? a. 7.05% b. 6.04% c. 6.70% d. 7.42% e. 6.36%
Answer:
7.42%
Explanation:
Value = 500 million
Amount of debt = 200 million
Time = year
Volatility = 6%
Risk free rate = 0.05
Nd1 = 0.9720
Nd2 = 0.9050
We have to calculate the value =
500 - (500 x 0.9720 - 200 x e^-0.05 x 0.9050)
= 186.17 million
We now calculate the yield
(200/186.17)^1 - 1
= 0.0742
= 7.42%
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was successful enough in reducing the power of cartels and monopolies that no further legislation to curb monopoly power has ever been needed.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
After the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 , the Clayton Act was passed in 1914. the purpose of this act was to strengthen the anti trust law
Crane Company distributes to consumers coupons which may be presented (on or before a stated expiration date) to grocers for discounts on certain products of Crane. The grocers are reimbursed when they send the coupons to Crane. In Crane's experience, 50% of such coupons are redeemed, and generally one month elapses between the date a grocer receives a coupon from a consumer and the date Crane receives it. During 2018 Crane issued two separate series of coupons as follows:
Issued On Total Value Consumer Expiration Date Amount Disbursed as of 12/31/18
1/1/18 $510000 6/30/18 $234000
7/1/18 830000 12/31/18 355000
The only journal entry recorded to date is: debit to coupon expense and credit to cash of $817000. The December 31, 2018 balance sheet should include a liability for unredeemed coupons of:__________
a. $0.
b. $70,000.
c. $184,000.
d. $420,000.
Answer:
Liability of un-redeemed coupons Pending on December 31, 2018 is $60,000
Explanation:
Coupon already expired issued on Jan 01, 2018
Coupon issued on 07/01/2018 $830,000
Estimated redeemable coupon value - 50% $415,000
($830,000 * 50%)
Less : Disbursed $355,000
Liability pending on Dec. 31, 2018 $60,000
Broad network access, measured service, resource pooling, and rapid elasticity are essential characteristics of ___________.
Answer:
cloud computing
Explanation:
All of these characteristics alongside on-demand self-service are essential characteristics of cloud computing. Cloud computing refers to the different computer system resources that are always available to a client when needed from any remote location, usually in regards to data storage and computing power, without actual direct active involvement by the user themselves. Allowing the user to access information or computing power remotely.
Mr. Fred Mitchell is requesting the birth record for Amy, his birth daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell gave Amy up for adoption four years ago. Should you release the records to him? Why or why not?
Answer: No you should not
Explanation:
Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell gave Amy up for adoption four years ago and in effect legally voided their guardianship of her. As far as the law is concerned, they are no longer Amy's parents. As such, Mr Fred Mitchell requesting for information on the girl is akin to a stranger doing the same and so cannot be honored, at least not without the consent of the new parents.
If a company would still have a cash flow item even if they rejected potential new Project A, should this particular cash flow item be included in Project A's cash flow analysis?
Answer: No
Explanation:
When computing a project analysis for a project, only relevant cash flow should be included in the Project's cash flow analysis. Relevant cash-flow are those that will only occur if the project was embarked on.
If the cash flow in question is still going to occur even if the project wasn't initiated as is the case with Project A, it is not a relevant cash-flow and should not be included in the cash-flow analysis.
Make a list of some typical documentation you would request from a loan applicant and/or the verifications you would perform?
A. Make a list of at least three items that are important to double check before submitting a loan application to underwriting.
B. List at least two things you would be sure to tell a borrower in preparation for closing.
C. List at least three calculations that are typically used during the course of a mortgage loan transaction.
Answer:
a. Items that are important to double check before submitting a loan application to underwriting:
Personal ID DocumentsProof of IncomePersonal Credit Bureau Reportb. Things you would be sure to tell a borrower in preparation for closing:
Proof of Property Ownership or Guarantee PledgeContact details of 2-3 relatives or guarantorsc. Calculations that are typically used during the course of a mortgage loan transaction:
Loan to Value ratioDebt to Income ratioHouse expense ratioExplanation:
The following are typical documentation and/or verifications to request from a loan applicant:
(A) 3 Items that are important to double check before submitting a loan application to underwriting are as follows;
Personal ID Documents (for background check)Proof of IncomePersonal Credit Bureau Report(B) 2 things one would be sure to tell a borrower in preparation for closing are as follows;
Proof of Property Ownership (certificate of ownership)Contact details of guarantors(C) 3 Calculations that are typically used during the course of a mortgage loan transaction:
Debt to Income ratioHouse expense ratioLoan to Value ratioRead more on loan documents:
https://brainly.com/question/24867222
data related to the inventories of alpine ski equipment and supplis is presented below 180000 the inventory of skis would be valued at
Answer:
$128,000
Explanation:
The computation of inventory of skis is shown below:-
NRV = Selling price - Sales commission
= $180,000 - ($180,000 × 10%)
= $180,000 - $18,000
= $162,000
Cost = $128,000
The cost which is $128,000 lower than $162,000 NRV
So, Inventory of Skis will be $128,000 which is Lower of cost or NRV
Therefore the correct answer is $128,000
What term is used to identify the difference between the number of units of an item listed on the master schedule and the number of firm customer orders?
Answer:
Available to promise
Explanation:
Available-to-promise (ATP) refers to a function of a business in which the company provides a response to inquires of the order done by the customer that depended on the availability of the resources. Moreover, the quantities are also available based on the customer request and their delivery on due dates
So, the difference between the number of units listed on the master schedule and the number of customer orders is known as available to promise
If a corporation has a dividend payout ratio of 75%, the undistributed earnings (25%) will:_________.
A. increase earnings per share.
B. decrease book value.
C. increase capital in excess of par
D. increase retained earnings
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Retained earnings is what is left of net income after a company has paid out dividends to its shareholders.
