Answer:
Option A, The airlines fly identical planes, with the same type of seat and the same amount of legroom for customers.
Explanation:
Option “A” is correct because a firm or company compete on prices if the product offered by every firm are identical. additionally, if the product can not be differentiated then the firm can compete on the basis of price. Therefore, if two airlines fly identical planes and provide identical services like the same seat and the same amount of leg space to the customers.
Prepare journal entries to record the following four separate issuances of stock. A corporation issued 9,000 shares of $10 par value common stock for $108,000 cash. A corporation issued 4,500 shares of no-par common stock to its promoters in exchange for their efforts, estimated to be worth $49,500. The stock has a $1 per share stated value. A corporation issued 4,500 shares of no-par common stock to its promoters in exchange for their efforts, estimated to be worth $49,500. The stock has no stated value. A corporation issued 2,250 shares of $25 par value preferred stock for $105,750 cash.
Answer: Please see answer in explanation column
Explanation:
1. Being issued in excess of par value
Account titles & Explanations Debit Credit
Cash $108,000
Common stock(9,000 x 10) $90,000
paid in capital in excess of par value
Common Stock(108,000 - 90,000) $18,000
2.Being issued to promoters at stated value
Account titles & Explanations Debit Credit
Organisational expense $49,500
common stock (4500 x 1 ) $4,500
paid in capital in excess of stated value
Common stock (49,500 -4,500) $45,000
3 Being issued to promoters at no stated value
Account titles & Explanations Debit Credit
organisational expense $49,500
Common stock of no par value $49,500
4 Being issued of preferred shared in excess of par value
Account titles & Explanations Debit Credit
Cash $105,750
Preferred Stock(2,250 X $25) $56,250
paid in capital in excess of par value
of preferred stock ( $105,750- $56,250) $49,500
What are the benefits and risks associated with social networks? Support your answers with relevant examples
Answer:
Explanation:
There are many benefits as well as risks to social networks. The greatest benefit is that they allow us to connect with individuals from anywhere in the world, at any distance, and in a seconds notice. This is incredibly powerful and opens the door for many opportunities in all types of markets. Social networks also come with risks, since everyone is on it people tend to share all of their information which can cause problems for that individual if it falls into the wrong hands. For example, an individual connects with a family member who lives in Brasil and has casual conversations with that family member every other day. A hacker may be able to access that information and extract all the valuable information needed to steal that individual's identity.
You purchased a share of stock for $120. One year later you received $1.82 as a dividend and sold the share for $136. What was your holding-period return
Answer:
Holding period return =14.85 %
Explanation:
The return on stock is the sum of the dividends earned and capital gains made during the holding period of the investment.
Dividend is the proportion of the profit made by a company which is paid to shareholders.
Capital gains is another type of the return made on an equity investment as a result of increase in the value of the shares. It is difference between the cost of the share and the value at the time of disposal.
Therefore, we can can compute the return on the investment as follows:
Holding period return = (Dividend + capital gain)/Begin Price of stock × 100
Dividend = $1.82
Capital gains= 136 - 120 = 16
Total dollar return on Investment = 1.82 + 16= $ 17.82
= 17.82/120 × 100 = 14.85 %
Holding period return =14.85 %
3. There a number of market entry strategies that businesses use in entering into markets outside their countries. a) Distinguish between the use of Franchising and Joint Venture as modes of entry into other countries by global businesses. b) What are the respective advantages and disadvantages of both strategies?
Answer:
a) Distinguish between the use of Franchising and Joint Venture as modes of entry into other countries by global businesses.
Franchising consists in the licensing of aspects of production and intellectual property to a another party: the franchise.
A Joint Venture is a business union between two or more parties, in which they split profit as well as costs and responsabilities.
b) What are the respective advantages and disadvantages of both strategies?
Franchising can be a quicker way to expand into foreign markets. The flexibility of the method, and the lower capital requirements are the reason why. This can be seen in the success that American fast-food brands have had using this method to expand in global markets.
A Joint-Venture can be more difficult to use for market expansion, however, it can be more profitable, because the profit will not be split among as many parties as in franchising, and more importantly, the firm maintains a higher control of the operation.
Which one of the following are tools that company managers can use to promote operating excellence in performing value chain activities?
a. Benchmarking, cost effciency optimization, and value chain performance optimazation programs
b. Six signma programs, value chain performance optimazation programs, and best practice innovation programs
c. Total quality management, cost optimization, and value chain efficient programs
d. Business process reengineering, best practice standardization programs, and six sigma
e. adoption of best practices, TQM, and business process reengineering
Answer:
e. adoption of best practices, TQM, and business process reengineering
Explanation:
To promote operational excellence in the execution of value chain activities, the most appropriate tools to be implemented in an organization are the adoption of best practices, TQM and business process reengineering.
Total quality management refers to the continuous improvement of all operational processes, in order to reduce costs, failures, and waste, leading to the implementation, control and review of all organizational processes, including the adoption of advanced technology, adequate training for employees, etc.
Business process reengineering would also help the organization reevaluate its value chain and implement improvements that would increase the performance and functionality of each essential step in the value chain.
Therefore, these integrated tools would ensure continuous optimization at all stages of the value chain, which would mean for the company the effectiveness of the channels and activities for the company to produce the right product, in the right quantity, in the right place and at the right time.
A regulated Natural Monopoly is more likely to advertise freely under which of the following types of regulation?
a) price regulation
b) profit regulation
c) output regulation
d) social regulation
Answer:
A
I took the quiz
Explanation:
Deming, the proponent of total quality management, argued that management has the responsibility to train employees in new skills.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
Its TRUE
Explanation:
Management should train employees in new skill, where Deming argued that management has the responsibility to train employees in new skills to keep pace with changes in the workplace. In addition, he believed that achieving better quality requires the commitment of everyone in the company.
TB MC Qu. 7-77 Corbel Corporation has two divisions: Division A and ... Corbel Corporation has two divisions: Division A and Division B. Last month, the company reported a contribution margin of $47,700 for Division A. Division B had a contribution margin ratio of 35% and its sales were $231,000. Net operating income for the company was $27,200 and traceable fixed expenses were $59,700. Corbel Corporation's common fixed expenses were:
Answer:
Corbel Corporation's common fixed cost is $41,650
Explanation:
Division A contribution margin $47,700
Division B contribution Margin $80,850 $128,550
($231,000 * 35%)
Less: Traceable fixed cost $59,700
Operating Income $27,200 ($86,900)
Common fixed cost $41,650
Tyler Company applies manufacturing overhead to production at the rate of $4.9 per direct labor hour and ended August with $12,900 underapplied overhead. Actual manufacturing overhead incurred for August amounted to $110,410.
How many direct labor hours did Tyler Company incur during August?
Answer: 19,900 hours
Explanation:
Direct Labor hours = Applied Manufacturing Overhead/ Applied Overhead rate per hour
Applied Manufacturing Overhead
When the overhead is said to be under-applied, the Applied overhead is less than the Actual Overhead.
To find the Applied overhead therefore;
= Actual Overhead - Under-applied amount
= 110,410 - 12,900
= $97,510
Direct Labor hours = Applied Manufacturing Overhead/ Applied Overhead rate per hour
= 97,510/4.9
= 19,900 hours
Choose the statement that is incorrect.
A. In the long run, a rise in the foreign price level brings dollar appreciation and a rise in the U.S. price level brings dollar depreciation.
B. In the long run, a change in the nominal exchange rate brings an equivalent change in the real exchange rate.
C. In the long run, the nominal exchange rate is a monetary phenomenon.
D. In the long run, the nominal exchange rate is determined by the quantities of money in two countries.
Answer:
B. In the long run, a change in the nominal exchange rate brings an equivalent change in the real exchange rate.
Explanation:
As we know that in the short run there is a decline in the nominal exchange that results in a decrease of real exchange rate due to which there is a reduction of the import and the export is risen.
But in the case of the long run, if there is a change in the nominal exchange rate so the real exchange rate would remain the same
This results that if there is a change in the nominal exchange rate so it would not bring the equal change in the real exchange rate
Hence, option B is incorrect
Company XYZ has 2 fixed price contracts for 2 different clients. The company has enough capacity for both contracts but is uncertain whether they will be profitable. Using the information below, a) calculate the activity-based costs and profits for each contract (this requires more than one step) and b) calculate the profit for each job using absorption costing, absorbing overheads using molding hours: Enter all answers in number format without commas, decimals, or dollar signs. Customer AAA BBB Component Type A999 B999 Contract Value ($) $27,000 $100,000 Contract Quantity 1,000 unit 2,000 unit Material cost/unit $15 $20 Molding time/batch 5 hours 7.5 hours Batch size 100 units 50 unitsAnnual Budgeted overheads as follows:Activity Cost Driver Cost driver CostMolding Molding hours 2,000 $150,000Inspection Batches 150 $75,000Production Mgmt Contracts 20 $125,000 Required:Calculate the activity-based costs and profits for each contract.
Answer:
The contract A yields a loss under ABC but Contract B yields a profit.
ABC Profit contract A $ (3000) contract B $ 11250
Under absorption costing both contract yield profits.
Absorption Profit contract A $ 3250 contract B $7500
Management should make decisions using ABC and reject Contract A and accept Contract B.
Explanation:
Customer AAA BBB
Component Type A999 B999
Contract Value ($) $27,000 $100,000
Contract Quantity 1,000 unit 2,000 unit
Material cost/unit $15 $20
Molding time/batch 5 hours 7.5 hours
Batch size 100 units 50 units
Activity Based Rate= Cost per Unit of Cost Driver
Activity Cost driver Cost Rate
Molding 2,000 $150,000 $150,000 / 2,000 = 75
Inspection 150 $75,000 $75,000/150 = 500
Production 20 $125,000 $125,000/20= 6250
Total $ 350,000
Cost Drivers Consumed
Activity A999 B999
Molding time/batch 5 hours* 10 7.5 hours *40
50 300
Batch size 1,000 unit/ 100 units 2,000 unit/50 units
= 10 =40
ABC Profits for Each Contract
A999 B999
Selling Price $27,000 $100,000
Materials 15*1000 20 * 2000
= 15000 = 40,000
Molding 50 hours *75 300* 75
3750 22500
Inspection 10 batches *500 40 batches *500
$ 5000 $ 20000
Management Contracts $ 6250 $ 6250
Total $ 30,000 $ 88,750
Profit $ (3000) $ 11250
Overhead Rate Absorption Costing
Total Overheads= ( 150,000 + 125,000+ 75000) = $ 350000
Annual Molding Hours = 2000
Rate= $ 350,000/2000=$ 175 per molding hour
Absorption Costing
Profit For each Contract
A999 B999
Selling Price $27,000 $100,000
Materials 15*1000 20 * 2000
= 15000 = 40,000
Overheads 50 hours *175 300 Hours *175
= 8750 = 52,500
Total Cost 23750 92500
Profit 3250 7500
The contract A yields a loss under ABC but Contract B yields a profit.
Under absorption costing both contract yield profits.
Management should make decisions using ABC and reject Contract A and accept Contract B.
In Macroland autonomous consumption equals 100, the marginal propensity to consume equals 0.75, net taxes are fixed at 40, planned investment is fixed at 50, government purchases are fixed at 150, and net exports are fixed at 20. Planned aggregate expenditure equals:________a.1,000. b.1,160. c.1,280. d.1,440.
Answer:
b) $1,160
Explanation:
From the above information,
I=Investment = 50
G=Government expenditure = 150
X=Net export = 20
a=autonomous consumption = 100
b=Marginal propensity to consume = 0.75
Y=Equilibrium GDP
C = consumption ;
C = 100 + 0.75Y (Y income - 40 taxes)
Planned aggregate expenditure (PAE)
PAE = C + l +G +X
Substituting for C in the above equation,
PAE = 100 + 0.75 (Y - 40) + 50 + 150+ 20
= 100 + 0.75Y -30 + 50 + 150 + 20
= 290 + 0.75Y
Since short run exists when Y = PAE
Therefore,
Y = 290 + 0.75Y
Collect like terms
Y - 0.75Y = 290
0.25Y =290
Y = 290/0.25
Y = 1,160
Lott Company uses a job order cost system and applies overhead to production on the basis of direct labor costs. On January 1, 2020, Job 50 was the only job in process. The costs incurred prior to January 1 on this job were as follows: direct materials $21,200, direct labor $12,720, and manufacturing overhead $16,960. As of January 1, Job 49 had been completed at a cost of $95,400 and was part of finished goods inventory. There was a $15,900 balance in the Raw Materials Inventory account.
During the month of January, Lott Company began production on Jobs 51 and 52, and completed Jobs 50 and 51. Jobs 49 and 50 were also sold on account during the month for $129,320 and $167,480, respectively. The following additional events occurred during the month.
1. Purchased additional raw materials of $95,400 on account.
2. Incurred factory labor costs of $74,200. Of this amount $16,960 related to employer payroll taxes.
3. Incurred manufacturing overhead costs as follows:
Indirect materials $18,020
Indirect labor $21,200
Depreciation expense on equipment $12,720
Various other manufacturing overhead costs on account $16,960.
4. Assigned direct materials and direct labor to jobs as follows.
Job No. Direct Materials Direct Labor
50 $10,600 $5,300
51 41,340 26,500
52 31,800 21,200
Calculate the predetermined overhead rate for 2020, assuming Lott Company estimates total manufacturing overhead costs of $ 882,000, direct labor costs of $735,000, and direct labor hours of 21,000 for the year.
Answer:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $1.2 per direct labor dollar
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Company estimates total manufacturing overhead costs of $882,000 and, direct labor costs of $735,000
To calculate the predetermined overhead rate, we need to use the following formula:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= 882,000/735,000
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $1.2 per direct labor dollar
Child Play Inc. manufactures electronic toys within a relevant range of 20,000 to 150,000 toys per year. Within this range, the following partially completed manufacturing cost schedule has been prepared: Complete the cost schedule. When computing the cost per unit, round to two decimal places.
Toys produced 40,000 80,000 120,000
Total costs:
Total variable costs $720,000 d. $ j. $
Total fixed costs 600,000 e. k.
Total costs $1,320,000 f. $ l. $
Cost per Unit
Variable cost per unit a. $ g. $ m. $
Fixed cost per unit b. h. n.
Total cost per unit c. $ i. $ o. $
Answer:
Toys produced 40,000 80,000 120,000
Total costs:
Total variable costs $720,000 $1,440,000 $2,160,000
Total fixed costs $600,000 $600,000 $600,000
Total costs $1,320,000 $2,040,000 $2,760,000
Cost per Unit
Variable cost $18 $18 $18
Fixed cost $15 $7.50 $5
Total cost $33 $25.50 $23
Fixed costs do not change with total output, they are the same regardless so the number of units produced. Variable costs change proportionally to any change in total output. If total output increases, variable costs will increase.
Messing Company has their own credit card and makes a credit sale on February 1 to one of its customers for $5,000. Prepare the February 1 journal entry for Messing Company by selecting the account names from the drop-down menus and entering the dollar amounts in the debit or credit columns.
Answer:
February 1
DR Accounts Receivable.......................................$5,000
CR Sales........................................................................................$5,000
(To record sales on credit)
The credit card was that of Messing company itself.
On January 1, Bramble Corp. has a beginning cash balance of $42000. During the year, the company expects cash disbursements of $300000 and cash receipts of $340000. If Bramble requires an ending cash balance of $40000, the company must borrow:________
Answer:
this question is confusing me
Below are the account balances for Cowboy Law Firm at the end of December.
Accounts Balances
Cash $5,000
Salaries expense 2,000
Accounts payable 3,000
Retained earnings 4,000
Utilities expense 1,100
Supplies 13,400
Service revenue 8,900
Common stock 5,600
Required:
Use only the appropriate accounts to prepare an income statement.
Answer:
Cowboy Law Firm
Income statement for the year ended December.
$
Service revenue 8,900
Less Expenses :
Salaries expense (2,000)
Utilities expense (1,100)
Net Income / (Loss) 5,800
Explanation:
Income statements shows Revenues earned and Expenses incurred at the end of the trading period.
The Bathtub Division of Kirk Plumbing Corporation has recently approached the Faucet Division with a proposal. The Bathtub Division would like to make a special "ivory" tub with gold-plated fixtures for the company's 50-year anniversary. It would make only 5,000 of these units. It would like the Faucet Division to make the fixtures and provide them to the Bathtub Division at a transfer price of $160. If sold externally, the estimated variable cost per unit would be $140. However, by selling internally, the Faucet Division would save $6 per unit on variable selling expenses. The Faucet Division is currently operating at full capacity. Its standard unit sells for $43 per unit and has variable costs of $25.
Required:
Compute the minimum transfer price that the Faucet Division should be willing to accept, and discuss whether it should accept this offer.
Answer:
Minimum transfer price = $152
Explanation:
The minimum transfer price can be calculated by Adding variable cost and the contribution margin lost
Minimum transfer price = Variable cost + Contribution margin lost
Minimum transfer price = $134 + $18
Minimum transfer price = $152
Working
Variable cost = $140 -$6(saving) = $134
Contribution margin lost = Selling price - variable cost per unit
Contribution margin lost = $43 - $25
Contribution margin lost = $18
Decision: The offer should be accepted because the minimum transfer price of $152 is less than $160
If an investor purchases a bond when its current yield is higher than the coupon rate, then the bond's price will be expected to
Answer:
The answer is: The bond price is expected to Increase over time, reaching par value at maturity
Explanation:
If an investor purchased a bond when the bond current yield-to-maturity is higher than the bond's price, the bond is said to be bought at discount (its price is less than the face value at maturity). With this, the bond price will be expected to Increase over time, reaching par value at maturity.
And when the opposite happens i.e coupon rate higher than the current yield-to-maturity, the bond is said to be bought at premium.
An exchange-rate policy in which the government usually allows the exchange rate to be set by the market, but sometimes intervenes is called a __________________ exchange rate system.
Answer: Managed Float
Explanation:
Also called "Dirty Float", the Managed float is an exchange rate system that allows for the currency of a country to be set by the forces of demand and supply in the market.
However, unlike in a clean float, the Central bank will occasionally intervene in the market to influence the how fast the currency is changing value or to control the direction it is going.
This is usually done to protect the domestic economy from sudden shocks in the global economy.
All-Mart Discount Stores Corporation contracts to buy ten acres from Suburban Enterprises, Inc., as a site for a new store. The contract calls for a "warranty deed." According to a survey that All-Mart commissions, one corner of an adjacent, enclosed parking lot is on part of the property that Suburban is attempting to convey. Can All-Mart avoid the contract? If so, on what basis? If not, why not?
Answer:
All-Mart can avoid the contract since it didn't meet their specification for the siting of their new store which they planned for. The warranty deed which they called for was to ensure that, all land purchased has guarantee that it would not become an issue for them in the future.
Since one part is an enclosed parking lot which is a public property that Suburban is trying to sell to them, the best would be to avoid it.
Explanation:
________ is the idea that organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation.
Answer: Contingency Approach
Explanation: The contingency approach is the idea that organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation. By fitting to the demands of the situation, it means that they are better equipped with alternatives to be put into operation if needed, especially in the case of emergencies, or in situations where earlier arrangements failed. The approach claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions and therefore posits that the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the demands of the situation.
An investor in the United States bought a one year Brazilian security valued at $195,000 Brazilian reals. The U.S. dollar equivalent was 100,000. The Brazilian security earned 16.00% during the year, but the Brazilian real depreciated 5 cents against the us dollar during the time period ($0.51 to $0.46)
Required:
a. After the transfer of funds back to the united states, what was the investors return on her $100,000?
b. Determine the total ending value of the Brazilian investment in Brazilian reals and then translate this Brazilian value to US dollar’s. Then compute the return on the $100,000.
Answer:
S
Explanation:
You own of the stock of a company that has 10 directors on its board. How much representation can you get on the board if the company has cumulative voting? How much representation can you ensure if the company has straight voting?
Answer:
B.With cumulative voting you are able to get proportional representation by putting all of your votes toward 3directors, allowing you to elect representatives to 3 seats (30% of ten seats) on the board. B.With non-cumulative voting you vote on each director individually, and without a majority of the shares you cannot ensure that your representative will win any of the elections (you could lose 70% to 30% in each of the ten individual elections).Explanation:
Cumulative voting is a method of voting that allows a shareholder to place all the votes they have to one or more person. Normally, during elections for a Board member, each shareholder will be given a certain number of votes and this is usually related to the number of shares they hold. In cumulative voting, they can place all these allowed votes in the corner of one person thereby increasing their chances of getting voted. By owning 30%, you will get 30% of the votes. If you decide to place all 30% for 3 people out of 10, you will get them elected.
With straight voting though, you can only vote once per share owned. That means that you cannot pledge all your votes to a single person or group of people. Should that happen, you cannot ensure that your representative will win as people may outvote your 30% in in each candidate.
Busch Company has these obligations at December 31. For each obligation, indicate whether it should be classified as a current liability, long-term liability, or both. (a) A note payable for $100,000 due in 2 years. select a balance sheet section (b) A 10-year mortgage payable of $200,000 payable in ten $20,000 annual payments. select a balance sheet section (c) Interest payable of $15,000 on the mortgage. select a balance sheet section (d) Accounts payable of $60,000. select a balance sheet section
Answer:
Busch Company
Indication of whether the obligation be classified as a current liability, long-term liability, or both:
(a) A note payable for $100,000 due in 2 years. Long-term Liability
(b) A 10-year mortgage payable of $200,000 payable in ten $20,000 annual payments. Both.
Every year, $20,000 would be classified as Current Liability while the remaining balance is long-term liabilities.
(c) Interest payable of $15,000 on the mortgage. Both
If the interest payable is to be settled at the end of the mortgage, then it is classified as only long-term.
(d) Accounts payable of $60,000. Current Liability
Explanation:
Busch's current liabilities are financial obligations that are due for settlement within the next accounting period of 12 months or less.
The long-term liabilities of Busch Company are those financial obligations that are not due for settlement within the next accounting period.
For some long-term liabilities, Busch may settle some part within 12 months. That part that can be settled within the accounting period are classified as current while the other parts are non-current.
Your first baby was born yesterday and is healthy and strong. To guard against your premature death, you want to purchase a life insurance policy that will replace $58,000 of your annual income until your child is 20 years old. How much life insurance should you purchase, if you assume a 3% inflation rate
Answer:
assuming the interest rate is = 15% the life insurance should you should purchase = $497854.0773
Explanation:
Given that :
Annual income receipt = $58000
Assumption:
If we assume that the inflation rate π = 3% = 0.03
Also , let assume that the interest rate is = 15% = 0.15 since it is not given too
Then the effective interest rate = [tex]\dfrac{ (i-\pi)}{(1+\pi)}[/tex]
the effective interest rate = [tex]\dfrac{ (0.15-0.03)}{(1+0.03)}[/tex]
the effective interest rate = [tex]\dfrac{ (0.12)}{(1.03)}[/tex]
the effective interest rate = 0.1165
the effective interest rate = 11.65%
Since n = [tex]\infty[/tex]
The Principal amount of how much life insurance should you purchase is;
= Annual income receipt/the effective interest rate
= $58000/ 0.1165
= $497854.0773
MicroTech Corporation maintains a capital structure of 40 percent debt and 60 percent common equity. To finance its capital budget for next year, the firm will sell 11% coupon bonds at par value (assume no flotation costs). The firm will finance the rest of its capital expenditures with retained earnings. MicroTech expects next year's dividend to be $1.30 per share. Dividends are expected to grow at 7% per year for the foreseeable future. The current market value of MicroTech's common stock is $30 per share. If the firm has a corporate tax rate of 21%, what is its weighted cost of capital for next year?
Answer:
weighted cost of capital for next year is 10.27 %.
Explanation:
Weighted cost of capital = Ke × (E/V) + Kd × (D/V)
Ke = Cost of Equity
= Dividend Yield + Expected growth rate
= $1.30 / $30.00 + 0.07
= 0.11333 or 11.33 %
Kd = Cost of Debt
= Interest × (1 - tax rate)
= 11% × ( 1 - 0.21)
= 8.69 %
Weighted cost of capital = 11.33 % × 60% + 8.69 % × 40%
= 10.27 %
Key facts and assumptions concerning Kroger Company, at December 12, 2007, appear below. Using this information, answer the questions following.
Facts and Assumptions
Yield to maturity on long-term government bonds 4.54%
Yield to maturity on company long-term bonds 6.32%
Coupon rate on company long-term bonds 7.50%
Market price of risk, or risk premium 6.30%
Estimated company equity beta 1.05
Stock price per share $ 25.97
Number of shares outstanding 681.2 million
Book value of equity $ 4,965 million
Book value of interest-bearing debt $ 6,674 million
Tax rate 35.0%
a. Estimate Kroger's cost of equity capital.
b. Estimate Kroger's weighted-average cost of capital. Prepare a spreadsheet or table showing the relevant variables.
Answer:
a. 11.16 %
b. 7.56 %
Explanation:
Cost of equity capital is the return that is required by Common Stockholders.
This can be determined as follows :
1. Growth Model
Cost of equity = Recent dividend / Market Price of Share + Expected Growth Rate
or
2. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
Cost of equity = Return on Risk Free Security + Beta × Return on Market Portfolio Security
= 4.54% + 1.05 × 6.30%
= 11.16 %
WACC = Ke × (E/V) + Kd × (D/V) +Kp × (P/V)
Explanation and value of Variables
Ke = Cost of Equity
= 11.16 %
E/V = Weight of Equity
= $ 4,965 ÷ ( $ 4,965 + $ 6,674)
= 42.66 %
Kd = Cost of Debt :
= Interest × (1 - tax rate)
= 7.50% × ( 1 - 0.35)
= 4.875 or 4.88 %
D/V = Weight of Debt
= $ 6,674 ÷ ( $ 4,965 + $ 6,674)
= 57.34 %
Therefore,
WACC = 11.16 % × 42.66 % + 4.88 % × 57.34 %
= 7.56 %
A customer buys a variable annuity and elects a payout option of Life Income with a 20 year period certain. This means that payments will continue for:
Answer:
the annuitant's life, but if he dies before 20 years elapse, payments continue to his heir(s)
Explanation:
An annuity life payment is a financial option that continues until the annuitant dies. a lump sum payment is made by this annuitant which he uses in securing a payout option of Life Income with a 20 year period certain . This annuity would continues for as long as the customer or annuitant is alive, but if he dies before that certain period, Someone else, that is a beneficiary or heir would be entitled to the payment until that period of 20 years elapses.
Match each term to the correct defintion.
Terms:
a. Benchmarking
b. Efficiency variance
c. Cost variance
d. Standard cost
Definitions:
1. Measures whether the quantity of materials or labor used to make the actual number of outputs is within the standard allowed for the number of outputs.
2. Uses standards based on best practice.
3. Measures how well the business keeps unit costs of materials and labor inputs within standards.
4. A price, cost, or quantity that is expected under normal conditions.
Answer:
A = 2
B = 1
C = 3
D = 4
Explanation:
