Answer:
Entropy change of ice changing to water at 0°C is equal to 57.1 J/K
Explanation:
When a substance undergoes a phase change, it occurs at constant temperature.
The entropy change Δs, is given by the formula below;
Δs = q/T
where q is the quantity of heat absorbed or evolved in Joules and T is temperature in Kelvin at which the phase change occur
From the given data, T = 0°C = 273.15 K, q = 15.6 KJ = 15600 J
Δs = 15600 J / 273.15 K
Δs = 57.111 J/K
Therefore, entropy change of ice changing to water at 0°C is equal to 57.1 J/K
The entropy change of ice changing to water will be "57.1 J/K".
Entropy changeThe shift in what seems like a thermodynamic system's condition of confusion is caused by the transformation of heat as well as enthalpy towards activity. Entropy seems to be greater mostly in a network with a high quantity or measure of chaos.
According to the question,
Temperature, T = 0°C or,
= 273.15 K
Heat, q = 15.6 KJ or,
= 15600 J
We know the formula,
Entropy change, Δs = [tex]\frac{q}{T}[/tex]
By substituting the values, we get
= [tex]\frac{15600}{273.15}[/tex]
= 57.11 J/K
Thus the above answer is correct.
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When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many
The given question is incomplete.
The complete question is:
When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many grams of methane were needed for the reaction?
Answer: 4 grams of methane were needed for the reaction
Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.
{tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O[/tex]
Given: mass of oxygen = 16 g
Mass of carbon dioxide = 11 g
Mass of water = 9 g
Mass of products = Mass of carbon dioxide + mass of water = 11 g +9 g = 20 g
Mass or reactant = mass of methane + mass of oxygen = mass of methane + 16 g
As mass of reactants = mass of products
mass of methane + 16 g= 20 g
mass of methane = 4 g
Thus 4 grams of methane were needed for the reaction
Fill in the blanks with the words given below- [Atoms, homogeneous, metals, true, saturated, homogeneous, colloidal, compounds, lustrous] 1.An element which are sonorous are called................ 2.An element is made up of only one kind of .................... 3.Alloys are ............................. mixtures. 4.Elements chemically combines in fixed proportion to form ........................ 5. Metals are................................... and can be polished. 6. a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved is called a .................... solution. 7. Milk is a .............. solution but vinegar is a .................. solution. 8. A solution is a ................... mixture. pls help, could not get these answers
Answer:
1. metals
2. atom
3. homogeneous
4. compounds
5. lustrous
6. saturated
7. colloidal
8. homogeneous
Explanation:
An aqueous solution of potassium bromide, KBr, contains 4.34 grams of potassium bromide and 17.4 grams of water. The percentage by mass of potassium bromide in the solution is 20 %.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The percentage by mass of a substance in a solution can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance dissolved in the solution by the total mass of the solution. This can be expressed mathematically as:
Percentage by mass = mass of substance in solution/mass of solution x 100
In this case;
mass of KBr = 4.34 grams
mass of water = 17.4 grams
mass of solution = mass of KBr + mass of water = 4.34 + 17.4 = 21.74
Percentage by mass of KBr = 4.34/21.74 x 100
= 19.96 %
19.96 is approximately 20%.
Hence, the statement is true.
Why will the conjugate base of a weak acid affect pH? Select the correct answer below: it will react with hydroxide
Answer:
It will react with water
Explanation:
I know this is an older question, but I just wanted to provide the correct answer.
Since we are dealing with a weak base, and the acid is somewhat stronger, it will react with the water molecules to produce hydronium, which will affect the pH of the solution.
The conjugate base of a weak acid affect pH because it will react with hydronium ion.
A weak acid is an acid that does not dissociate completely in water. On the other hand, a strong acid achieves almost 100% dissociation in water.
Acids dissociate in water to yield the hydronium ion and a conjugate base. For instance, the weak acid, acetic acid is dissociated as follows;
CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
We can see that the conjugate base( CH3COO-) could react with the hydronium ions thereby moving the equilibrium position to the left hand side and affecting the pH by decreasing the hydronium ion concentration.
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Missing parts;
Why will the conjugate base of a weak acid affect pH? Select the correct answer below: O it will react with hydroxide O it will react with water O it will react with hydronium O none of the above
A galvanic cell consists of a Cu(s)|Cu2+(aq) half-cell and a Cd(s)|Cd2+(aq) half-cell connected by a salt bridge. Oxidation occurs in the cadmium half-cell. The cell can be represented in standard notation as
Answer:
[tex]Cd(s)|Cd^{2+}(aq) || Cu^{2+}(aq)|Cu(s)[/tex]
Explanation:
A galvanic cell is composed of two electrodes immersed in a suitable electrolyte and connected via a salt bridge. One of the electrodes serves as a cathode where reduction or gain of electrons takes place. The other half cell functions as an anode where oxidation or loss of electrons occurs.
The representation is given by writing the anode on left hand side followed by its ion with its molar concentration. It is followed by a salt bridge. Then the cathodic ion with its molar concentration is written and then the cathode.
As it is given that cadmium acts as anode, it must be on the left hand side and copper must be on right hand side.
[tex]Cd(s)|Cd^{2+}(aq) || Cu^{2+}(aq)|Cu(s)[/tex]
What is the final volume V2 in milliliters when 0.551 L of a 50.0 % (m/v) solution is diluted to 23.5 % (m/v)?
Answer:
[tex]V_2=1.17L[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for dilution processes, we must remember that the amount of solute remains the same, therefore, we can write:
[tex]V_1C_1=V_2C_2[/tex]
Whereas V accounts for volume and C for concentration that in this case is %(m/v). In such a way, the final volume V2 turns out:
[tex]V_2=\frac{V_1C_1}{C_2}= \frac{0.551L*50.0\%}{23.5\%}\\ \\V_2=1.17L[/tex]
Best regards.
Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation have higher frequencies than visible light and which have shorter frequencies than visible light? Sort them accordingly. ltems (6 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below)
a. Gamma rays
b. Infrared radiation
c. Ultraviolet liht
d. X-rays
e. Microwaves
f. Radio waves
Answer:
Higher frequency than visible light - Ultraviolet light, X-rays, and Gamma rays
Lower frequency than visible light - Infrared radiation, microwaves, and Radio waves
Explanation:
The frequencies of electromagnetic radiations vary according to their wavelengths. The relationship between the frequency and wavelength of the waves is expressed such that:
λ = c/f, where λ = wavelength, c = speed of light, and f = frequency.
Thus, there is an inverse relationship between the wavelength and the frequency of electromagnetic waves.
The order of the electromagnetic waves based on their frequency from the lowest to the highest is radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma-rays
Hence, electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies than visible light include ultraviolet light, X-rays, and Gamma rays while those with lower frequencies include Infrared radiation, microwaves, and Radio waves.
Answer:
need points
Explanation:
Calculate the amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g of ice at –20°C to convert it to liquid water at 60.0°C. Given: specific heat (ice) = 2.1 J/g·°C; specific heat (water) = 4.18 J/g·°C; ΔH fus = 6.0 kJ/mol.
Answer:
The amount of heat to absorb is 6,261 J
Explanation:
Calorimetry is in charge of measuring the amount of heat generated or lost in certain physical or chemical processes.
The total energy required is the sum of the energy to heat the ice from -20 ° C to ice of 0 ° C, melting the ice of 0 ° C in 0 ° C water and finally heating the water to 60 ° C.
So:
Heat required to raise the temperature of ice from -20 °C to 0 °CBeing the sensible heat of a body the amount of heat received or transferred by a body when it undergoes a temperature variation (Δt) without there being a change of physical state (solid, liquid or gaseous), the expression is used:
Q = c * m * ΔT
Where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation (ΔT=Tfinal - Tinitial).
In this case, m= 10 g, specific heat of the ice= 2.1 [tex]\frac{J}{g*C}[/tex] and ΔT=0 C - (-20 C)= 20 C
Replacing: Q= 10 g*2.1 [tex]\frac{J}{g*C}[/tex] *20 C and solving: Q=420 J
Heat required to convert 0 °C ice to 0 °C waterThe heat Q necessary to melt a substance depends on its mass m and on the called latent heat of fusion of each substance:
Q= m* ΔHfusion
In this case, being 1 mol of water= 18 grams: Q= 10 g*[tex]6.0 \frac{kJ}{mol} *\frac{1 mol of water}{18 g}[/tex]= 3.333 kJ= 3,333 J (being kJ=1,000 J)
Heat required to raise the temperature of water from 0 °C to 60 °CIn this case the expression used in the first step is used, but being: m= 10 g, specific heat of the water= 4.18 [tex]\frac{J}{g*C}[/tex] and ΔT=60 C - (0 C)= 60 C
Replacing: Q= 10 g*4.18 [tex]\frac{J}{g*C}[/tex] *60 C and solving: Q=2,508 J
Finally, Qtotal= 420 J + 3,333 J + 2,508 J
Qtotal= 6,261 J
The amount of heat to absorb is 6,261 J
The amount of heat to absorb is 6,261 J.
Calculation for heat:Heat required to raise the temperature of ice from -20 °C to 0 °C.
The formula for specific heat is used to calculate the amount of heat
Q = c * m * ΔT
Where,
Q =heat exchanged by a body,
m= mass of the body
c= specific heat
ΔT= change in temperature
Given:
m= 10 g,
specific heat of the ice= 2.1
ΔT=0 C - (-20 C)= 20 C
On substituting the values:
Q= 10 g*2.1 *20 C
Q=420 J
Heat required to convert 0 °C ice to 0 °C water.
The heat Q necessary to melt a substance depends on its mass m and on the called latent heat of fusion of each substance:
Q= m* ΔHfusion
Heat required to raise the temperature of water from 0 °C to 60 °C
m= 10 g,
Specific heat of the water= 4.18
ΔT=60 C - (0 C)= 60 C
On substituting:
Q= 10 g*4.18 *60 C
Q=2,508 J
Thus, Qtotal= 420 J + 3,333 J + 2,508 J
Qtotal= 6,261 J
The amount of heat to absorb is 6,261 J
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What is advertising used for? Check all that apply. influencing consumer tastes tracking product popularity increasing product awareness promoting company branding gathering data about potential consumers
Answer:
influencing consumer tastes
increasing product awareness
promoting company branding
Explanation:
Advertising is basically a form of communication using creative ideas and communicating benefits of the products. Advertising plays a very crucial role in product business and some of the important uses of advertising are as follows:
Creative advertisements, influence customers or consumers to buy the product.Advertisings involve information regarding the product and so increases product awareness.Advertising on social media platforms, TVs, radio and newspapers, promotes company branding.Hence, the correct options are:
influencing consumer tastesincreasing product awarenesspromoting company branding
Answer:
1,3,4
Explanation:
I took the test
Calculate the entropy change in the surroundings associated with this reaction occurring at 25∘C. Express the entropy change to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Answer:
That means that if you are calculating entropy change, you must multiply the enthalpy change value by 1000. So if, say, you have an enthalpy change of -92.2 kJ mol-1, the value you must put into the equation is -92200 J mol-1
The entropy change in the surroundings associated with this reaction occurring at 25 degree C is calculated as ΔS = -ΔH/T J/K.
What is entropy?Entropy is a quantity which gives idea about the randomness or arrangement of atoms or molecules present in any sample.
Entropy change will be calculated as:
ΔS = -ΔH/T, where
ΔH = chnage in enthalpy (J/mole)
T = temperature (K)
So to calculate the entropy change first we have to know about the value of enthalpy in joules and then divide it by the temperature.
Hence the unit of entropy is joule per kelvin.
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Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 29g of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) dissolved in 24.0g of water. Assume the density of water is 1.00g/mL.
Answer:
whats the ph ofpoh=9.78
Explanation:
How has the work of chemists affected the environment over the years?
Answer:
Chemistry is one of the causes for global warming, and in some cases it can even cause certain illnesses.
Answer:
Chemists have both hurt the environment and helped the environment by their actions.
Explanation:
<3
Determine which set of properties correctly describes copper (Cu)?
A. Giant structure, conducts electricity, high melting point, soluble in water, malleable
B. Malleable, brittle, soluble in oil or gasoline, high melting point, simple structure
C. Ionic lattice, conducts electricity, soluble in oil or gasoline, low melting point, ductile
D. Malleable, conducts electricity, high melting point, giant structure, metallic lattice
Answer:
D. Malleable, conducts electricity, high melting point, giant structure, metallic lattice
Explanation:
Copper is a metal with an atomic number of 29. This metal is soft and reddish in color which explains why it is very malleable(beaten to form various shapes without breaking).
All metals are good conductors of electricity including copper which is also a metal. Metals generally are insoluble in water. Copper also has a high melting point which is a characteristic of metals due to their giant structure and metallic lattice which makes it difficult to be broken down.
What is the ph of 0.36M HNO3 ?
Answer:
0.44
Explanation:
We know that the pH of any acid solution is given by the negative logarithm of its hydrogen ion concentration. Hence, if I can obtain the hydrogen ion concentration of any acid, I can obtain its pH.
For the acid, HNO3, [H^+] = [NO3^-]= 0.36 M
pH= -log [H^+]
pH= - log[0.36]
pH= 0.44
What is the energy of a photon of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 963.5 nm? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J · s
Answer:
[tex]E=2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is 963.5 nm.
We need to find the energy of a photon with this wavelength.
The formula used to find the energy of a photon is given by :
[tex]E=\dfrac{hc}{\lambda}\\\\E=\dfrac{6.63\times 10^{-34}\times 3\times 10^8}{963.5\times 10^{-9}}\\\\E=2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]
So, the energy of a photon is [tex]2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex].
g Which ONE of the following pairs of organic compounds are NOT pairs of isomers? A) butanol ( CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH ) and diethyl ether ( CH3–CH2–O–CH2–CH3 ) B) isopentane ( (CH3)2-CH-CH2-CH3 ) and neopentane ( (CH3)4C ) C) ethanolamine ( H2N-CH2-CH2-OH ) and acetamide ( CH3-CO-NH2 ) D) acrylic acid ( CH2=CH-COOH ) and propanedial ( OHC–CH2–CHO ) E) trimethylamine ( (CH3)3N ) and propylamine ( CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2 )
Answer:
ethanolamine ( H2N-CH2-CH2-OH ) and acetamide ( CH3-CO-NH2 )
Explanation:
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Hence any pair of compounds that can be represented by exactly the same molecular formula are isomers of each other.
If we look at the pair of compounds; ethanolamine ( H2N-CH2-CH2-OH ) and acetamide ( CH3-CO-NH2 ), one compound has molecular formula, C2H7ON while the other has a molecular formula, C2H5ON, hence they are not isomers of each other.
Does the amount of methanol increase, decrease, or remain the same when an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products is subjected to the following changes?
a. the catalyst is removed
b. the temp is increased
c. the volume is decreased
d. helium is added
e. CO is added
Answer:
a. Methanol remains the same
b. Methanol decreases
c. Methanol increases
d. Methanol remains the same
e. Methanol increases
Explanation:
Methanol is produced by the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst as follows; 2H2+CO→CH3OH.
a) The presence or absence of a catalyst makes no difference on the equilibrium position of the system hence the methanol remains constant.
b) The amount of methanol decreases because the equilibrium position shifts towards the left and more reactants are formed since the reaction is exothermic.
c) If the volume is decreased, there will be more methanol in the system because the equilibrium position will shift towards the right hand side.
d) Addition of helium gas has no effect on the equilibrium position since it does not participate in the reaction system.
e) if more CO is added the amount of methanol increases since the equilibrium position will shift towards the right hand side.
What is the balanced equation for the reaction of aqueous cesium sulfate and aqueous barium perchlorate?
Answer:
The balanced chemical reaction is given as:
[tex]Cs_2SO_4(aq)+Ba(ClO_4)_2(aq)\rightarrow BaSO_4(s)+2CsClO_4(aq)[/tex]
Explanation:
When aqueous cesium sulfate and aqueous barium perchlorate are mixed together it gives white precipitate barium sulfate and aqueous solution od cesium perchlorate.
The balanced chemical reaction is given as:
[tex]Cs_2SO_4(aq)+Ba(ClO_4)_2(aq)\rightarrow BaSO_4(s)+2CsClO_4(aq)[/tex]
According to reaction, 1 mole of cesium sulfate reacts with 1 mole of barium perchlorate to give 1 mole of a white precipitate of barium sulfate and 2 moles of cesium perchlorate.
An actacide tablet containing Mg(OH)2 (MM = 58.3g / (mol)) is titrated with a 0.100 M solution of HNO3. The end point is determined by using an indicator. Based on 20.00mL HNO3 being used to reach the endpoint, what was the mass of the Mg * (OH) in the antacid tablet? * 0.0583 g 0.583 5.83 g 58.3 g
Answer:
0.0583g
Explanation:
The equation of the reaction is;
2HNO3(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) -------> Mg(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
From the question, number of moles of HNO3 reacted= concentration × volume
Concentration of HNO3= 0.100 M
Volume of HNO3 = 20.00mL
Number of moles of HNO3= 0.100 × 20/1000
Number of moles of HNO3 = 2×10^-3 moles
From the reaction equation;
2 moles of HNO3 reacts with 1 mole of Mg(OH)2
2×10^-3 moles reacts with 2×10^-3 moles ×1/2 = 1 ×10^-3 moles of Mg(OH)2
But
n= m/M
Where;
n= number of moles of Mg(OH)2
m= mass of Mg(OH)2
M= molar mass of Mg(OH)2
m= n×M
m= 1×10^-3 moles × 58.3 gmol-1
m = 0.0583g
If one pound is the same as 454 grams, then convert the mass of 78 grams to pounds.
Answer:
0.17 lb
Explanation:
78 g * (1 lb/454 g)=0.17 lb
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We discussed the different types of intermolecular forces in this lesson, which can affect the boiling point of a substance.
1. Which of these has the highest boiling point?
A) Ar
B) Kr
C) Xe
D) Ne
2. Which substance has the highest boiling point?
A) CH4
B) He
C) HF
D) Cl2
Answer:
1, C, Xe 2, B,He
Explanation:
1, cause as u go down a group the boiling point increases.
2, boiling point of single element is greater than a compound
According to periodic trends in periodic table boiling point increases down the group and hence Xe has highest boiling point and more amount of heat is required to boil an element hence He has highest boiling point.
What is periodic table?
Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.
Elements present in the same group have same number of valence electrons and hence have similar properties while elements present in the same period show gradual variation in properties due to addition of one electron for each successive element in a period.
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Write the half-reactions as they occur at each electrode and the net cell reaction for this electrochemical cell containing indium and cadmium. In(s)|
Answer:
Oxidation half equation;
3Cd(s) -------> 3Cd^2+(aq) + 6e
Reduction half equation;
2In^3+(aq) + 6e -----> 2In(s)
Explanation:
Since the reduction potentials of Indium and Cadmium are -0.34 V and - 0.40 V respectively, we can see that cadmium will be oxidized while indium will the reduced.
We arrived at this conclusion by examining the reduction potential of both species. The specie with more negative reduction potential is oxidized in the process.
Oxidation half equation;
3Cd(s) -------> 3Cd^2+(aq) + 6e
Reduction half equation;
2In^3+(aq) + 6e -----> 2In(s)
2NH3 → N2 + 3H2 If 2.22 moles of ammonia (NH3) decomposes according to the reaction shown, how many moles of hydrogen (H2) are formed? A) 2.22 moles of H2 B) 1.11 moles of H2 C) 3.33 moles of H2 D) 6.66 moles of H2
Answer:
C
Explanation:
According to the mole ratio, using 2NH3 will give you 3H2. Which means in order to find the moles of H2 you would only need to divide 2 and multiply 3 to get the amount of moles of H2 produced.
Answer:
I think it's C
Explanation:
Please, tell me if I'm incorrect.
What is the mass number of an element
Answer:
A (Atomic mass number or Nucleon number)
Explanation:
The mass number is the total number of protons and nucleons in an atomic nucleus.
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A sample of ammonia gas was allowed to come to equilibrium at 400 K. 2NH3(g) <----> N2(g) 3H2(g) At equilibrium, it was found that the concentration of H2 was 0.0484 M, the concentration of N2 was 0.0161 M, and the concentration of NH3 was 0.295 M. What was the initial concentration of ammonia
Answer:
0.327 M
Explanation:
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
2 NH₃(g) ⇄ N₂(g) + 3H₂(g)
Step 2: Make an ICE chart
2 NH₃(g) ⇄ N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g)
I x 0 0
C -2y +y +3y
E x-2y y 3y
Step 3: Find the value of y
The concentration of N₂ at equilibrium is 0.0161 M. Then,
y = 0.0161
Step 4: Find the value of x
The concentration of NH₃ at equilibrium is 0.295 M. Then,
x-2y = 0.295
x-2(0.0161) = 0.295
x = 0.327
In which of the following compounds does the carbonyl stretch in the IR spectrum occur at the lowest wavenumber?
a. Cyclohexanone
b. Ethyl Acetate
c. λ- butyrolactone
d. Pentanamide
e. Propanoyl Chloride
Answer:
a. Cyclohexanone
Explanation:
The principle of IR technique is based on the vibration of the bonds by using the energy that is in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. For each bond, there is a specific energy that generates a specific vibration. In this case, you want to study the vibration that is given in the carbonyl group C=O. Which is located around 1700 cm-1.
Now, we must remember that the lower the wavenumber we will have less energy. So, what we should look for in these molecules, is a carbonyl group in which less energy is needed to vibrate since we look for the molecule with a smaller wavenumber.
If we look at the structure of all the molecules we will find that in the last three we have heteroatoms (atoms different to carbon I hydrogen) on the right side of the carbonyl group. These atoms allow the production of resonance structures which makes the molecule more stable. If the molecule is more stable we will need more energy to make it vibrate and therefore greater wavenumbers.
The molecule that fulfills this condition is the cyclohexanone.
See figure 1
I hope it helps!
When titrating a strong acid with a strong base, after the equivalence point is reached, the pH will be determined exclusively by: Select the correct answer below:
A) hydronium concentration
B) hydroxide concentration
C) conjugate base concentration
D) conjugate acid concentration
Answer:
B) hydroxide concentration
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since we are talking about strong both base and acid, since the base is the titrant and the acid the analyte, once the equivalence point has been reached, some additional base could be added before the experimenter realizes about it, therefore, since the titrant is a strong base, it completely dissociates in hydroxide ions and metallic ions which allows us to compute the pOH of the solution by known the hydroxide ions concentration.
After that, due to the fact that the pH is related with the pOH as shown below:
pH=14-pOH
We can directly compute the pH.
Best regards.
Compound has a molar mass of and the following composition: elementmass % carbon47.09% hydrogen6.59% chlorine46.33% Write the molecular formula of .
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Compound X has a molar mass of 153.05 g/mol and the following composition:
element mass %
carbon 47.09%
hydrogen 6.59%
chlorine 46.33%
Write the molecular formula of X.
Answer: The molecular formula of X is [tex]C_6H_{10}Cl_2[/tex]
Explanation:
If percentage are given then we are taking total mass is 100 grams.
So, the mass of each element is equal to the percentage given.
Mass of C= 47.09 g
Mass of H = 6.59 g
Mass of Cl = 46.33 g
Step 1 : convert given masses into moles.
Moles of C =[tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of C}}{\text{ molar mass of C}}= \frac{47.09g}{12g/mole}=3.92moles[/tex]
Moles of H =[tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of H}}{\text{ molar mass of H}}= \frac{6.59g}{1g/mole}=6.59moles[/tex]
Moles of Cl =[tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of Cl}}{\text{ molar mass of Cl}}= \frac{46.33g}{35.5g/mole}=1.30moles[/tex]
Step 2 : For the mole ratio, divide each value of moles by the smallest number of moles calculated.
For C = [tex]\frac{3.92}{1.30}=3[/tex]
For H = [tex]\frac{6.59}{1.30}=5[/tex]
For Cl =[tex]\frac{1.30}{1.30}=1[/tex]
The ratio of C : H: Cl= 3: 5 :1
Hence the empirical formula is [tex]C_3H_5Cl[/tex]
The empirical weight of [tex]C_3H_5Cl[/tex] = 3(12)+5(1)+1(35.5)= 76.5g.
The molecular weight = 153.05 g/mole
Now we have to calculate the molecular formula.
[tex]n=\frac{\text{Molecular weight }}{\text{Equivalent weight}}=\frac{153.05}{76.5}=2[/tex]
The molecular formula will be=[tex]2\times C_3H_5Cl=C_6H_{10}Cl_2[/tex]
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution in a similar fashion to that undergone by benzene with the formation of a resonance-stabilized intermediate. Draw all of the resonance contributors expected when the above compound undergoes bromination
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
When we talk about electrophilic substitution, we are talking about a substitution reaction in which the attacking agent is an electrophile. The electrophile attacks an electron rich area of a compound during the reaction.
The five membered furan ring is aromatic just as benzene. This aromatic structure is maintained during electrophilic substitution reaction. The attack of the electrophile generates a resonance stabilized intermediate whose canonical structures have been shown in the image attached.
Consider these metal ion/metal standard reduction potentials Cd2+(aq)|Cd(s) Zn2+(aq)|Zn(s) Ni2+(aq)|Ni(s) Cu2+(aq)|Cu(s) Ag+(aq)|Ag(s) -0.40 V -0.76 V ‑0.25 V +0.34 V +0.80 V Based on the data above, which species is the best reducing agent?
Answer:
The best reducing agent is Zn(s)
Explanation:
A reducing agent must to be able to reduce another compound, by oxidizing itself. Consequently, the oxidation potential must be high. The oxidation potential of a compound is the reduction potential of the same compound with the opposite charge. Given the reduction potentials, the best reducing agent will be the compound with the most negative reduction potential. Among the following reduction potentials:
Cd₂⁺(aq)|Cd(s) ⇒ -0.40 V
Zn²⁺(aq)|Zn(s) ⇒ -0.76 V
Ni²⁺(aq)|Ni(s) ⇒‑0.25 V
Cu²⁺(aq)|Cu(s) ⇒ +0.34 V
Ag⁺(aq)|Ag(s) ⇒ +0.80 V
The most negative is Zn²⁺(aq)|Zn(s) ⇒ -0.76 V
From this, the most reducing agent is Zn. Zn(s) is oxidized to Zn²⁺ ions with the highest oxidation potential (0.76 V).
