Answer:
We can use the equation for the dissociation of a weak acid:
HA + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + A-
The equilibrium constant expression (Ka) is:
Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
We are given the initial concentration of the acid (0.49 M) and the concentration of the acid at equilibrium (0.36 M). We can use the concentration change to determine the concentration of H3O+ and A- at equilibrium.
Let x be the concentration of H3O+ and A- at equilibrium. Then, at equilibrium, the concentration of HA is (0.49 - x).
We know that the equilibrium concentration of HA is 0.36 M, so we can set up the following equation:
0.36 = 0.49 - x
Solving for x, we get:
x = 0.49 - 0.36 = 0.13 M
Now we can plug in the equilibrium concentrations into the Ka expression:
Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA] = (0.13)(0.13)/(0.36) = 0.0481
Rounding to two significant figures, Ka for this acid is 0.048.
The equilibrium constant of an acid's dissociation reaction is known as the acid dissociation constant, or Ka. The strength of an acid in a solution is numerically represented by this equilibrium constant. Here the value of Ka is 0.0481.
What is acid dissociation constant?The difference between strong and weak acids is determined by the acid dissociation constant (Ka). As Ka rises, the acid dissociates more. Therefore, strong acids must dissociate more in water. On the other hand, a weak acid has a lower propensity to ionise and release a hydrogen ion, resulting in a less acidic solution.
Here the dissociation constant Ka = [H₃O⁺][A⁻]/[HA]
Let x be the concentration of H₃O⁺ and A⁻ at equilibrium. Then, at equilibrium, the concentration of HA is (0.49 - x). We know that the equilibrium concentration of HA is 0.36 M, so we can set up the following equation:
0.36 = 0.49 - x
Solving for x, we get:
x = 0.49 - 0.36 = 0.13 M
Now we can plug in the equilibrium concentrations into the Ka expression:
Ka = [H₃O⁺][A⁻]/[HA] = (0.13)(0.13)/(0.36) = 0.0481
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Which is an example of Conduction?
A Warm air rising, cooling at high temperatures, and then falling back to lower elevations.
B Warming your hands by a fire.
C The sun warming your face
D Burning your mouth on a hot spoon
Burning your mouth on a hot spoon(option D) is an example of heat transfer through conduction, as the spoon is in direct contact with your mouth.
What is conduction?Conduction is the transfer of heat or electrical energy between two objects that are in direct contact with each other, or between two parts of the same object that are at different temperatures.
In conduction, the energy transfer occurs due to the collision of molecules in the objects or materials. When two objects are in contact, the molecules of the warmer object vibrate more rapidly, colliding with the molecules of the cooler object, which have less energy.
These collisions transfer thermal energy from the warmer object to the cooler object, until both objects reach the same temperature.
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Blood is an example of a basic buffer system. Which of the following could be used to mimic the buffering abilities of blood?
Select the correct answer below:
HF and NaF
CH3NH2 and CH3NH3Cl
KOH and H2O
none of the above
Using CH3NH2 and CH3NH3Cl, one may simulate the blood's buffering properties. A weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, make up a buffer system.
Which of the following best describes the blood's buffer system?Carbonic acid and sodium bicarbonate. Hint: Human blood has a buffer of bicarbonate anion (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) to keep the blood's pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Blood pH values higher or lower than 7.8 or 6.8 can be fatal.
Is blood an illustration of a fundamental buffer system?Bicarbonate anion and hydronium are in equilibrium with carbonic acid in this buffer. A weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, make up a buffer.
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Answer:
CH3NH2 and CH3NH3Cl
Explanation:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is an organic base. In order to produce a basic buffer solution similar to blood, we can combine this base with a soluble salt of its conjugate acid, such as CH3NH3Cl. The solution of KOH and H2O would not be a good buffer because KOH is a strong base. The solution of HF and NaF is a buffer, but the pKa of HF is about 3.2, which is far from the pH of blood, 7.4.
Using C2H4 + 3 O2 -> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O.
What is the limiting reactant for this equation based on the previous question?
There is no limiting reactant because both reactants produce the same amount of products indicating that neither reactant is in excess and both are fully consumed in the reaction.
What is a limiting reactant?The limiting reagent is described as the reactant that is completely used up in a reaction, and thus determines when the reaction stops.
calculating the number of moles of each reactant of the equation:
C2H4 + 3 O2 -> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O.
Moles of C2H4: not given, assume 1 mole
Moles of O2: 3 moles (given in the equation)
Moles of CO2 produced by 1 mole of C2H4: 2 moles (from the balanced equation)
Moles of H2O produced by 1 mole of C2H4: 2 moles (from the balanced equation)
Moles of CO2 produced by 3 moles of O2: 2 x 3/3 = 2 moles (from the balanced equation)
Moles of H2O produced by 3 moles of O2: 2 x 3/3 = 2 moles (from the balanced equation)
In conclusion, both reactants produce the same amount of products (2 moles of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O).
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For the partially completed Lewis structures, pick the correct Lewis structure.
How many Valence Electrons total overall?
The correct Lewis structures of the compounds that we have in the question have been shown in the images attached.
What is the Lewis structure?A Lewis structure is a diagram that shows the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the arrangement of electrons around the atoms. It is also known as a Lewis dot structure, Lewis dot diagram, or electron dot structure.
Lewis structures are useful in predicting the geometry of molecules and determining the polarity of molecules. They are also helpful in understanding the reactivity of molecules and how they interact with other molecules.
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If this sample “unlabelled graph” were used from this experiment - how could we label each portion of the graph? What type of relationship do we see?
Typically, you must identify the x- and y-axes, which represent the two variables being measured or compared, in order to label a graph.
How can you identify Variables in graph?The graph's shape must be examined in order to determine the type of relationship between the variables. The relationship is considered to be linear if the graph depicts a straight line. The relationship is non-linear if the graph shows a curve. To determine whether the relationship is positive or negative, you would also need to look at the line's slope and direction. The relationship is positive if the line slopes upwards from left to right; this indicates that as one variable rises, so does the other. The relationship is negative if the line slopes downward from left to right, indicating that one variable increases while the other decreases.
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the electron configuration of nitrogen is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3. how many electrons are present in an atom of nitrogen? what is the atomic number for nitrogen?
Since the electronic configuration of nitrogen is 1s² 2s² 2p³, the number of electrons present in the nitrogen atom is 7, and the atomic number of nitrogen is also seven (7).
The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons defines the properties of an element. For example, if an element with 5 protons is boron atom.
The electronic configuration of an atom represents the number of electrons in each sub-energy level of the atom in the ground state.
The electronic configuration of nitrogen is 1s²2s²2p³. As you know, the electrons around the nucleus are located in energies or levels. Therefore, from the definition of electron configuration, we can say that the nitrogen atom has 2 electrons in the first energy level K of the s-subshell, and in the s-subshell and the p subshell of the second energy level L, respectively There are 2 or 3 electrons.
Therefore, the total number of electrons in the nitrogen atom is 7 (2 + 2 + 3). We know that the number of protons = the number of electrons, so the number of protons in the nitrogen nucleus is 7. Therefore, the nitrogen atom has an atomic number of 7.
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Please help me Look at the picture below
The first two statements are false, whereas the last statement, which says that pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related, is true.
How are pressure and volume related to one another?Statement 1: This claim was incorrect because, according to the ideal gas law, PV=nRT, pressure (P) and volume (V) are inversely proportional to each other at a constant temperature (T) and amount of gas (n). This means that as pressure increases, volume decreases. This relationship is known as Boyle's law. Therefore, the statement that pressure has no effect on volume of a gas is false.
Statement 2: This claim was incorrect because, pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related according to Boyle's law, which states that at a constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. This means that if the pressure of a gas increases, its volume will decrease, and if the pressure decreases, the volume will increase, as long as the temperature remains constant.
Statement 3: This claim was correct because, According to Boyle's law, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional to each other, which means that when the pressure of a gas increases, its volume will decrease and vice versa, as long as the temperature and the number of particles in the gas are kept constant. This relationship is expressed mathematically as P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, where P₁ and V₁ are the initial pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ are the final pressure and volume.
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1. Choose the atom with the larger first ionization energy.
Select one:
a. Titanium
b. Manganese
2. Choose the atom with the larger first ionization energy.
Select one:
a. Silicon
b. Tin
The atom with the larger first ionization energy is Titanium. Option a.
The atom with the larger first ionization energy is Tin. Option b.
Ionization and ionization energyIonization is the process of removing one or more electrons from an atom or molecule, resulting in the formation of an ion. This can be achieved through a variety of methods, such as exposure to high-energy radiation or contact with other charged particles.
Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom or molecule, resulting in the formation of a positively charged ion. This energy is typically measured in electron volts (eV) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol), and varies depending on the identity of the atom or molecule and the electronic configuration of its valence shell. Ionization energy is an important property of atoms and molecules, as it can provide insight into their reactivity and chemical behavior.
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We know that Paz is trying to produce ammonia (NH3) from thin air. From looking at the experimental set-up, what are the reactants? a) NO2 and H20 b) N2 and H2 c) NO2 and H2 d) N2 and H20
To produce ammonia (NH₃) from thin air, the reactants required are N₂ and H₂. So the correct option is b).
Give a brief account on production of ammonia.Ammonia is one of the most abundantly produced inorganic chemicals. In 2016, there are a number of large ammonia plants around the world that produced a total of 144 million tons of nitrogen (equivalent to 175 million tons of ammonia). That number will rise to 235 million tonnes of ammonia in 2021. China produced 31.9% of its global production, followed by Russia at 8.7%, India at 7.5% and the United States at 7.1%. More than 80% of the ammonia produced is used as fertilizer for agricultural crops.
Today, most ammonia is produced on a large scale using the Haber process, with capacities of up to 3,300 tons per day. Gases N₂ and H₂ are reacted at a pressure of 200 bar. A typical modern ammonia production plant first converts natural gas, LPG, or petroleum gas into gaseous hydrogen. The process of producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons is known as steam reforming. Hydrogen then combines with nitrogen to produce ammonia by the Haber-Bosch process.
One way to produce green ammonia is to use hydrogen from the electrolysis of water and nitrogen separated from air. These are fed into the Haber Process (aka Haber-Bosch), all of which produce sustainable power.
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value: 4
Which of the following energy types are used in medical imaging process?
Light,heat,chemical, radiation
Answer:
radiation is the answer
use the trendline equation in fig6.2 to determine the kelvin temperature at which the pressure equals .72 atm
When the pressure is 0.72 atm, the temperature in Kelvin is 156 K.
To determine the Kelvin temperature when the pressure is 0.72 atm, you will need to use the trendline equation given in Fig 6.2. First, find the equation of the trendline by using the graph's two points, (300 K, 1 atm) and (500 K, 2 atm).
The equation for the trendline is:
y = mx + b
Where y is pressure, x is the temperature in Kelvin, m is the slope, and b is the y-intercept. We can find the slope of the trendline by using the two points provided in the graph:
Slope (m) = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
Slope = (2 atm - 1 atm) / (500 K - 300 K)
Slope = 0.005 atm/K
The equation for the trendline can now be written: y = 0.005x + b. To find the y-intercept, b, we can use one of the two points: Solving for b:
1 atm = 0.005(300 K) + bb = 1.5 atm
Now we can use the equation for the trendline to find the temperature (x) at which the pressure (y) equals 0.72 atm:
0.72 atm = 0.005x + 1.5 atm
0.72 atm - 1.5 atm = 0.005x
-0.78 atm = 0.005xx
= -0.78 atm / 0.005x
= 156K
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What is the meaning of friction
Explanation: the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
or
the action of one surface or object rubbing against another.
Answer: a force that resists the motion of one object against another
which of the following elements is the most difficult to ionize? select the correct answer below: fr h he xe
The He element is the one that is hardest to ionize.
The correct answer is He.
Why is it called elements?An object is categorised as an element if it cannot be reduced to a simpler form. It is possible to recognise them by their particular atomic number. The elements are organised into groups in the periodic table based on their atomic numbers, and those having related characteristics are underlined.
What components comprise the elements?An element is any substance made entirely of a certain type of atom, which are the building blocks of all matter. We know that each element is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Some of the tiniest components in all of nature are these.
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or the substituted cyclohexane compound shown, identify the atoms that are cis to the hydroxyl (oh) substituent.
The atoms that are cis to the hydroxyl (OH) substituent are the two carbon atoms in the ring that are directly adjacent to the OH group.
Cis-trans isomerism is a word used in chemistry that refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules. It is also known as geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism. The Latin prefixes "cis" and "trans" mean, respectively, "this side of" and "the other side of." Trans conveys that the functional groups (substituents) are on the opposite (transverse) sides of some plane, whereas cis implies that they are on the same side of some plane in the context of chemistry.
Cis-trans isomers are examples of stereoisomers, which are pairs of molecules with the same formula but distinct functional groups oriented in three dimensions. The absolute stereochemical explanation of E-Z isomerism does not necessarily equate to cis-trans notation.
The hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to carbon number 1. The cis atoms are those that are attached to the same side of the ring. There are two atoms that are cis to the hydroxyl (OH) substituent, and these are atoms number 2 and 3. Therefore, the atoms that are cis to the hydroxyl (OH) substituent are atoms number 2 and 3 .
Thus, the cis to the hydroxyl (OH) is (B) 2 and 3.
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which of the following is the correct electron configuration for tc? select the correct answer below: [kr]5s24d5 [kr]4d7 [kr]5s24d2 [kr]5s25d5
The correct electron configuration for Tc (technetium) is [Kr] 5s² 4d⁵. Therefore, the correct answer is: [kr]5s²4d⁵.
What is technetium?Technetium (Tc) is a radioactive chemical substance with the atomic number 43 and symbol Tc. It is a silvery-gray metal that belongs to the transition metals group on the periodic table. Technetium is the first element to be artificially produced, and all of its isotopes are radioactive, with no stable isotopes. It is a highly toxic and dangerous element, and therefore has no significant commercial applications. Technetium has many nuclear and medical applications due to its radioactivity, and is used in medical imaging, cancer treatment, and scientific research.
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Answer:
C
Explanation:
edg 2023
Which of the following are volume ratios from this equation? Select all that apply.
2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O
The volume ratios from the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O are:
2 L H2 : 1 L O2 (or 2 mol H2 : 1 mol O2)1 L O2 : 2 L H2O (or 1 mol O2 : 2 mol H2O)The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation give the ratio of moles of reactants and products. From the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, we can see that:
2 moles of H2 react with 1 mole of O2 to produce 2 moles of H2O.Therefore, the following volume ratios are valid:
2 L H2 : 1 L O21 L O2 : 2 L H2OWhat are the reactants?
The reactants are the substances that participate in a chemical reaction and are consumed to form new products. In the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, the reactants are hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2). These reactants undergo a chemical reaction to form water (H2O) as the product.
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based on solubility rules, could you use fe(no3)3 rather than agno3 to determine the percent chloride in the unkown
No. According to solubility rule, we cannot use the Fe(NO3)3 rather than AgNO3 via analysis of precipitate of AgCl because no precipitate of cl- ion formed in Fe(NO3)3 .
A solubility chart having solubility rules is defined as a chart describing for different combinations of cations and anions whether the ionic compounds formed dissolve in or precipitate from a solution. This chart shows the solubility of various common ionic compounds in water, at a pressure of 1 atm. and under room temperature.
The following reactions are involved to determine Cl- concentration,
Case 1: Fe(NO3)3 (aq.) + Cl-(aq.) ----> FeCl3(aq.) + NO3-(aq.).
In this reaction involving aqueous solution of Fe(NO3)3 no precipitate of Cl- ion compound is formed .so this we can not use Fe(NO3)3 to determine %Cl- ion in solution.
Case 2 :
AgNO3(aq.) + Cl- (aq.) ---> AgCl(precipitate) + NO3-.
This reaction involving aqueous solution of AgNO3 can be use to determine %Cl- ion concentration in solution via analysis of precipitate of AgCl .
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How can we use liquid nitrogen? What are the purposes of using liquid nitrogen?
Answer:
Liquid nitrogen can be used to freeze biological tissue. Liquid nitrogen is -210°C which will stop all biological decomposition in the tissue and preserve it.
Explanation:
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Using the formula M1V1 = M2V2 , if I add water to 100.0 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is 150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
Question 3 options:
0.23M
1.0M
0.10M
1.0E5M
Answer:
M2= 0,1 M
Explanation:
M1=0,15 M
V1= 100 mL =0,1 L
M2= ?
V2= 150 mL = 0,15 L
M1V1= M2V2
(0,15 mol/L) (0,1 L) = M2 (0,15 L)
0,015 mol / 0,15 L = M2
M2= 0,1 M
The SI unit of pressure is the _______.
The boiling point of water is _______ on Mount McKinley than the boiling point of water in NYC.
At lower elevations, atmospheric pressure _______ compared to higher elevations.
Standard atmosphere or standard atmospheric pressure is equal to _______ Pa.
The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa).
The boiling point of water is lower on Mount McKinley than the boiling point of water in NYC.
What is Pressure?
Pressure is defined as the amount of force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. In other words, it is the force per unit area that an object exerts on another object. Pressure can be measured in various units such as pascal (Pa), bar, pounds per square inch (psi), and atmospheres (atm), among others. It is an important concept in physics and is used to describe many phenomena, including fluid dynamics, weather patterns, and even the behavior of gases in space.
At lower elevations, atmospheric pressure is higher compared to higher elevations.
Standard atmosphere or standard atmospheric pressure is equal to 101325 Pa.
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Which of the following molecules is drawn in a conformation that has a proton and a leaving group anti-periplanar? H₂C, Br Ph. H CH3 Br H H₂C Br H₂C Ph H₂C CH3 H Ph H₂C, Br H Ph Save for Later CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 Sul
The molecule that is drawn in a conformation that has a proton and a leaving group anti-periplanar is H₂C, Br.
The A, B, C, and D bond angles of a molecule are referred to as anti-periplanar, or antiperiplanar, in organic chemistry. The dihedral angles of the A–B and C–D bonds in this conformer are larger than +150° or less than 150°. In textbooks, the term "anti-periplanar" is frequently used to refer to a strictly anti-coplanar structure with a 180° AB CD dihedral angle. The anti-periplanar functional groups will be 180° apart from one another and in a staggered configuration in a Newman projection of the molecule.
Conformation is an essential factor in predicting reactivity in organic molecules. The anti-periplanar conformation of a molecule is one that occurs when two atoms in a molecule are in the same plane and are separated by 180 degrees. In this case, the proton and leaving group are placed in a perpendicular plane to the atoms directly in between them. This is the most stable conformer of the molecule. A significant factor in predicting reactivity in organic molecules is conformation. In this case, the molecule H₂C, Br is drawn in a conformation that has a proton and a leaving group anti-periplanar.
Therefore, the correct option is H₂C, Br.
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3. Draw a Lewis dot structure for the fictitious molecular ion [ZO2]-1. Assume that the central Z atom is bonded to each of the outer O atoms by a single bond. What is the formal charge on the Z atom?
The formal charge on the Z atom in the [ZO2]-1 ion is +1.
The Lewis dot structure for the [ZO2]-1 molecular ion is:
O
|
Z === O
|
O-
1. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the ion by adding the valence electrons of each atom and the charge of the ion.
Z has 4 valence electrons, while each O atom has 6 valence electrons.The ion has an overall negative charge of 1, so there is one extra electron.Total number of valence electrons = 4 + 6 + 6 + 1 = 172. Connect the Z atom to each O atom with a single bond, which uses up 2 electrons.
We now have 15 electrons left to distribute.3. Add the remaining electrons in pairs as lone pairs to each atom until all valence electrons are used up.
Each O atom needs 2 lone pairs (4 electrons).Z needs 2 lone pairs (4 electrons).4. Draw the Lewis dot structure.
The Lewis dot structure for [ZO2]-1 is:O
|
Z === O
|
O-
5. Calculate the formal charge on the Z atom using the formula:
Z has 4 valence electrons.Z has 2 lone pairs (4 electrons) and 2 bonding electrons (1 bond to each O).Formal charge = valence electrons - (number of lone pair electrons + 1/2 x number of bonding electrons)
Formal charge = 4 - (2 + 1/2 x 2) = 4 - 3 = +1
Therefore, the formal charge on the Z atom in the [ZO2]-1 ion is +1.
What is valence electron?
A valence electron is an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed.
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When a mineral breaks along a weekly bonded plane it is called
Answer: Cleavage
Explanation:
When a mineral breaks along a weekly bonded plane it is called cleavage
Seventy five percent of a compound is carbon. If you have 250 grams of this particular compound, how much carbon is contained?
Answer:
The compound has 187.5 g. of Carbon
Explanation:
If the 100% of the compound is 250 gr, then you can calculate the 75% of it by multiplying:
Amount of Carbon = (75%) 250 g.
75%= 0.75
250 (0.75)
= 187.5 g.
1. What volume of hydrogen gas at STP is produced from the
reaction of 50.0g of Mg and 75.0 grams of HCl? How much
of the excess reagent is left over (in grams)?
Answer:
1.03 mol of dihydrogen gas will evolve, with a volume slightly over 22.4 dm3 at ST P. Explanation: Moles of magnesium: 50.0 ⋅ g 24.31 ⋅ g ⋅ mol−1 = 2.06 mol Moles of hydrogen chloride gas: 75.0 ⋅ g 36.2⋅ g ⋅ mol−1 = 2.07 mol
Explanation:
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given the atomic mass of hydrogen is 1 amu, the atomic mass of oxygen is 16 amu, and one molecule of sulfuric acid has a mass of 98 amu, what is the atomic mass of sulfur trioxide?
The atomic mass of sulfur trioxide (SO3) is 82 amu.
How to find the atomic mass of sulfur trioxide ?Sulfur trioxide (SO3) has one sulfur atom and three oxygen atoms.
The atomic mass of sulfur can be calculated by subtracting the total mass of the oxygen atoms in sulfuric acid (3 x 16 amu) from the mass of sulfuric acid (98 amu) and then subtracting the mass of the remaining oxygen atom:
Mass of sulfur = (98 amu - 3 x 16 amu) - 1 x 16 amuMass of sulfur = (98 amu - 48 amu) - 16 amuMass of sulfur = 34 amuThe atomic mass of sulfur is 34 amu.
To find the atomic mass of sulfur trioxide, we add the atomic masses of one sulfur atom and three oxygen atoms:
Atomic mass of SO3 = 1 x 34 amu + 3 x 16 amuAtomic mass of SO3 = 34 amu + 48 amuAtomic mass of SO3 = 82 amuTherefore, the atomic mass of sulfur trioxide (SO3) is 82 amu.
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What kind of scientist would study the effects of acid rain on marble statues? A. A physicist B. A biologist C. A chemist D. An economist
Scientists would research the impacts of marble monuments and acid rain. A chemist. Hoping this is useful.
The correct answer is :C.
What are the substances that change the earth's surface?Surface sediments are transported and large stones are broken up through wind, water, and ice. Years are often needed for weathering, erosion, and deposition to cause noticeable changes. Nonetheless, certain things change the Planet's surface far more quickly than others. Extreme events, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions are a few of them.
What adjustments to the Planet's surface may rain makes?Weathering and erosion caused by water movement change the properties of the terrain. Regional wind patterns and climate are defined by several interactions, including the role of the ocean. The unique physical and chemical properties of water have a profound effect on the planet's dynamics.
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Q10. Hydrocarbon molecules can react with halogens like Cl2 or Br2 (represented generically by X2) where C-H bonds are replaced by C-X bonds, forming HX molecules in the process. Balance the following chemical reaction and compute the estimated heat of reaction using the values above.
C3H8(g) + X2(g) → C3H2X6(g) + HX (g)
You are given the following average bond energies:
H-H 436 kJ/mol
H-X 431 kJ/mol
H-C 414 kJ/mol
C-X 339 kJ/mol
X-X 243 kJ/mol
Answer: To balance the given chemical equation, we can start by counting the number of atoms on both sides of the equation. We have 3 carbon atoms and 8 hydrogen atoms on the left side, and 3 carbon atoms, 6 X atoms, and 1 hydrogen atom on the right side.
C3H8(g) + X2(g) → C3H2X6(g) + HX(g)
To balance the equation, we can add a coefficient of 3 in front of HX on the product side:
C3H8(g) + X2(g) → C3H2X6(g) + 3HX(g)
Now, we have the same number of H atoms on both sides (8 H atoms on each side), and the equation is balanced.
To estimate the heat of reaction, we can use the bond energy values to calculate the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy released by forming the bonds in the products. We can then subtract the energy required to break the bonds from the energy released by forming the bonds to obtain an estimate of the heat of reaction.
Breaking bonds in the reactants:
3 C-H bonds × 414 kJ/mol = 1242 kJ/mol
1 X-X bond × 243 kJ/mol = 243 kJ/mol
Forming bonds in the products:
6 C-X bonds × 339 kJ/mol = 2034 kJ/mol
1 C-H bond × 414 kJ/mol = 414 kJ/mol
3 H-X bonds × 431 kJ/mol = 1293 kJ/mol
Estimated heat of reaction:
Energy released - energy required
(2034 kJ/mol + 414 kJ/mol + 1293 kJ/mol) - (1242 kJ/mol + 243 kJ/mol) = 2756 kJ/mol
Therefore, the estimated heat of reaction for the given chemical equation is 2756 kJ/mol. Note that this is only an estimate and actual experimental values may differ due to factors such as reaction conditions and the presence of catalysts.
. In geologic strontium isotopic analysis by ICP-MS, there is isobaric interference (equal mass isotopes of different elements present in the sample solution) between 87Rb+ and 87Sr+. A collision cell with CH3F converts Sr+ to SrF+ but does not convert Rb+ to RbF+. How does this reaction eliminate interference?
In geologic strontium isotopic analysis by ICP-MS, the use of a collision cell with CH3F helps reduce isobaric interference between 87Rb+ and 87Sr+.
Isotopes can ICP-MS detect?The ability to quantify each element's distinct isotopes makes ICP-MS useful for laboratories looking to compare the ratio of two isotopes of an element or one particular isotope.
Which elements are immune to ICP-MS detection?Only a few elements cannot be measured by ICP-MS: F and Ne (which cannot be ionized in an argon plasma), Ar, N, and O (which are present at high levels in the plasma and air), and H and He (which are below the mass range of the mass spectrometer).
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Consider the reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide and chromium (III) chloride. Based on your balanced equation for this reaction, answer the following questions: 1) What are the spectator ions in this reaction? and 2) What is the formula for the precipitate formed in this reaction? 3) What is the sum of all the coefficients in the net ionic equation for this reaction? Net lonic Equati....pdf Hydrocarbon C....pdf
The net ionic equation for the given reaction is: 1 Cr3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) → Cr(OH)3(s)
2. The formula for the precipitate formed in this reaction is Cr(OH)3.
3. The sum of all coefficients in the net ionic equation is 4.
Consider the reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide and chromium (III) chloride. The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is:KOH(aq) + CrCl3(aq) → KCl(aq) + Cr(OH)3(s)1) Spectator ionsThe ions that do not take part in the reaction are known as spectator ions.
These ions are present on both sides of the equation without undergoing any chemical changes.The ionic equation for the given reaction is:3K+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq) → 3K+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq) + Cr(OH)3(s)The spectator ions are K+ and Cl-.2)
PrecipitateThe precipitate is formed when the two reactants are combined together, and it can be identified from the ionic equation. In this reaction, the precipitate is formed when KOH is added to the aqueous solution of chromium(III) chloride.The formula for the precipitate formed in this reaction is Cr(OH)3.3) Sum of all coefficientsThe net ionic equation represents the actual chemical change occurring in the reaction.
The spectator ions are removed, and only the ions that participate in the reaction are shown. The net ionic equation for the given reaction is:Cr3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) → Cr(OH)3(s)The sum of all coefficients in the net ionic equation is 4.
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