Answer:
Coal. Hope this helps.
Answer:
coal
Explanation:
because coal polutes the ocean.
22. A plant geneticist is investigating the inheritance of genes for bitter taste (Su) and explosive rind (e) in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The explosive rind is recessive and causes watermelons to burst when cut. Non-bitter watermelons are a result of the recessive genotype (susu). The geneticist wishes to determine if the genes assort independently. She performs a testcross between a bitter/nonexplosive hybrid and a plant homozygous recessive for both traits. The following offspring are produced:
Bitter/nonexplosive 88
Bitter/explosive 62
Non-bitter/non-explosive 62
Non-bitter/explosive 81
Calculate the chi-square value and also the chi-square of independence for the null hypothesis that the two genes assort independently. Calculate using a chi-square test and the chi-square test of independence. Give your answer to the nearest tenth.
Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
Using the formula for calculating Chi square ([tex]X^2[/tex]):
[tex]X^2[/tex] = [tex]\frac{(O - E)^2}{E}[/tex] where O = observed frequency and E = expected frequency.
The observed frequencies for the four phenotypes are 88, 62, 62, and 81 respectively.
For the expected frequency, the phenotypes are supposed to assort in 9:3:3:1 according to Mendel ratio.
Hence, expected frequencies are calculated as:
phenotype (1) = 9/16 x 293 = 164.81
phenotype (2) = 3/16 x 293 = 54.94
phenotype (3) = 3/16 x 293 = 54.94
phenotype (4) = 1/16 x 293 = 18.31
The [tex]X^2[/tex] is calculated thus:
Phenotype O E [tex]X^2[/tex]
1 88 164.81 [tex]\frac{(88 - 164.81)^2}{164.81}[/tex] = 35.80
2 62 54.94 [tex]\frac{(62 - 54.94)^2}{54.94}[/tex] = 0.91
3 62 54.94 [tex]\frac{(62 - 54.94)^2}{54.94}[/tex] = 0.91
4 81 18.31 [tex]\frac{(81 - 18.31)^2}{18.31}[/tex] = 214.64
Total [tex]X^2[/tex] = 35.80 + 0.91 + 0.91 + 214.64 = 252.26
To the nearest tenth = 252
Degree of freedom = n - 1 = 4- 1 = 3
[tex]X^2[/tex] tabulated = 7.815
The calculated [tex]X^2[/tex] exceeds the critical value, hence, the null hypothesis is rejected. The two genes did not assort independently.
The use of arsenate instead of phosphate by glyceraldehyde 3‑phosphate dehydrogenase produces 1‑arseno‑3‑phosphoglycerate. Assume that the presence of arsenate only affects the glycolysis step catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3‑phosphate dehydrogenase and that 1‑arseno‑3‑phosphoglycerate spontaneously hydrolyzes to form 3‑phosphoglycerate.
How many ATP molecules would a single round of glycolysis consume and produce in this scenario?
Answer:
ATP consumed = 2 molecules
ATP produced = 2 molecules.
Explanation:
Arsenate does not produce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, so it can be deduced that at least two ATP molecules are produced through normal glycolysis, remembering that phosphoglycerate kinase allows the reaction between 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate transforming it into 3 -phosphoglycerate and generating two ATP, phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes this reaction and gives 2 ATP.
The primary source of energy in the cells is a nutrient called
Explanation:
The digestible carbohydrates in an animal's diet are converted to glucose molecules and into energy through a series of catabolic chemical reactions. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the primary energy currency in cells
Which of the following statements is accurate?
A. Natural Resources depend on the topography of the area,
B. Natural resources depend on the atmosphere of the area,
C. Natural resources depend on the geography of the area,
D. Natural resources depend on the weather of the area
Answer:
B
Hope this helps!
Felis concolor is a species of cat that expresses incomplete dominance in fur color. RR= white fur, rr= black fur, and Rr= grey fur. If you crossed a homozygous dominant male with a homozygous recessive female, what would the resulting genotype and phenotype be?
Answer:
Explanation:
genotype-
100% Rr
phenotype-
100% grey
What is the term for a plant that produces a seed without a protective cover
Gymnosperms are a more primitive, smaller category of plants that generate "bare seeds" (seeds that are not protected by a fruit). On Earth, there are still more than a thousand different types of gymnosperms.
What are the feature of gymnosperm?Several shrub species are also found, and these are often medium to large trees. Gymnosperms, which include some of the tallest tree species, including the sequoia.
The leaves, stem, and roots are the three distinct parts of the plant's body. Similar to conifers, the leaves have a thick cuticle, needle-like shape, and depressed stomata. This characteristic reduces water loss from transpiration.
The taproot system is the type of root system seen in gymnosperms. In some plants, these roots have a relationship with fungus and produce mycorrhiza, e.g. Pinus. While in certain other species, such as the Cycas plant, the roots take the shape of specialized roots known as coralloid roots and are linked to cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen.
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Identify the remaining processes and components of the carbon cycle. organisms release CO2 atmospheric CO2 plants use CO2 combustion fossil fuels form
Answer:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important component in atmosphere and Carbon cycles allows movement of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into living things and from living things to atmosphere again.
There are four main processes included in carbon cycle that is photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration and combustion.
In respiration, living organism such as animals and humans intake oxygen and releases CO2 in atmosphere.
In the process of photosynthesis, plants take CO2 from atmosphere and convert it into oxygen (O2) in the presence of sunlight and water.
In Decompoition, the bacteria present in soil decomposes dead matter by breaking down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as water, carbon dioxide, and mineral salt. The nutrient cycle then recycle the carbon dioxide and send back to teh atmosphere.
In combustion, the burning of fossil fuel in cars and industries releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
So, the components of carbon cycel include atmosphere, terrestial biosphere, ocean ( dissolved inorganic carbon), and sediments ( fossil fuels).
.
Answer:
Here's what I got for this one
Explanation:
Hope it helps!
webbed feet to help with swimming is it physical or
behavior adaptation
Answer:
It is a physical adaptation
Explanation:
Webbed feet does not change the way the animal acts but it had to adapt webbed feet physically to survive in its habitat/surroundings
A front refers to?HURRY
Answer:
A. Where to air masses meet
Explanation:
Answer:
A. the location where two air masses meet.
Explanation:
Which of these are characteristics of reptiles? Check all that apply.
They undergo internal fertilization.
Their urine is concentrated.
They use their skin for gas exchange.
They have two-chambered hearts.
They are covered in scales.
the answer is a,b and e
Reptiles are a class of vertebrates made up mostly of snakes, turtles, lizards, and crocodilians. The options (A), (B) and (E) are correct.
What are the characteristics of reptiles?Reptiles, as most commonly defined are the animals in the class Reptilia, a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsids except birds. Living reptiles comprise turtles, crocodilians, squamates and rhynchocephalians.
Moreover, the major groups of living reptiles—the turtles (order Testudines), tuatara (order Rhynchocephalia [Sphenodontida]), lizards and snakes (order Squamata), and crocodiles (order Crocodylia, or Crocodilia)—account for over 8,700 species.
Therefore, the name "reptile" comes from Latin and means "one who creeps". All living reptile species are cold blooded, have scaly skin, and lay cleidoic eggs. They excrete uric acid (instead of urea), and have a cloaca. A cloaca is a shared opening for the anus, urinary tract and reproductive ducts.
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In the presence of oxygen, what is the first stage of cellular respiration
Answer:
Glycolysis
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
In the presence of oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation is the first stage of cellular respiration.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration may be characterized as a type of chemical process through which oxygen is utilized in order to derive energy from carbohydrates (sugars). This chemical process involves the breakdown of food in the cell with the release of energy.
The three stages of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis (an anaerobic process), the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis, which is the first step in all types of cellular respiration is anaerobic and does not require oxygen. If oxygen is present, the pathway will continue and perform oxidative phosphorylation.
Therefore, In the presence of oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation is the first stage of cellular respiration.
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Suppose a goat has a homozygous dominant individual (AA) is crossed with an individual
that is heterozygous for the same trait (Aa). What are the possible genotypes of the offspring, and what percentage of the offspring is likely to show the dominant phenotype?
Answer:
100%
Explanation:
I found this answer by using a Punnet square.
According to Kepler’s first law, what is the shape of a planet’s orbit around the Sun?
A.
circular
B.
polygonal
C.
elliptical
D.
random
Answer:
elliptical
Explanation: its almost an oval shape. idk why
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Primates are found mainly in tropical regions. Which of the following is true of tropical environments? Group of answer choices Primate foods are affected more by temperature than by rainfall. Daily temperature fluctuations are smaller than annual fluctuations. Seasonal changes are virtually nonexistent. Primate foods are affected more by seasonal changes due to rainfall than by changes due to temperature.
can someone write me a small introduction about reflexes
reflex is an involuntary or automatic, action that your body does in response to something — without you even having to think about it
reflex action often involves a very simple nervous pathway called a reflex arc. A reflex arc starts off with receptors being excited. They then send signals along a sensory neuron to your spinal cord, where the signals are passed on to a motor neuron
Do most organisms contain the same condons true or false ?
Answer:
this is true. can u give me the brainliest answer
Most eubacteria are ____________________ because most rely on nutrition from other organisms.
Answer:
heterotrophic(Heterotrophic Eubacteria are among the most abundant and diverse bacteria on Earth,)
Explanation:
plzz mark me brainliest
what is waste water treatment ?
If a person with AB blood (genotype IAIB) produced an offspring with a person who’s IAi, what’s the chance that the offspring will have A blood? Give your answer as a percentage. Use the table to make a Punnett square to show your work. Can you show me in a chart to break it down to get that answer which is 50%.
Answer:
50% of getting A blood type
Explanation:
Using a punnet square you have (sorry cant do a square)
IA IB
IA
i
Then you you add all the possible combinations from both parents genes
IA IB
IA IA IA IA IB
i IA i IB i
You now have a 50% chance of A type blood because the lowercase (i) wont change the blood type outcome because the IA over shines it.
Answer: 50 percent
Explanation:
IA IB
IA IAIA IAIB
i IAi IBi
Given the following evidence; which does not support the theory of Continental Drift? A) climate
B) fossils of plants and animals
C) magnetic strips in the ocean floor
D) land features match up (like mountains) on different continents
The theory of Continental Drift does not shows evidence about climate. Thus option A is correct.
What is continental drift?Continental drift is defined as the idea that the positions of Earth's continents have changed over geologic time, giving the impression that they have "drifted" across the ocean floor.
It can also be defined as the continents moving horizontally at a huge scale in relation to one another and the ocean basins throughout the course of one or more geologic epochs.
The theory of plate tectonics, which integrates this idea, had this idea as a key antecedent.
The fit of the continents, the distribution of prehistoric fossils, rocks, and mountain ranges, as well as the placements of prehistoric climatic zones, were all used as evidence for continental drift.
Thus, the theory of Continental Drift does not shows evidence about climate. Thus option A is correct.
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How have humans affected the environment?
When do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together?
O A. To promote digestion
O B. To stop bleeding
C. To fight infections
O D. To supply nutrients
SUBMIT
The first step in the metabolism of triacylglycerols is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage by a lipase. Three different lipases play major roles in triacylglycerol metabolism in animals:
pancreatic lipase (a water‑soluble lipase secreted into the intestine), lipoprotein lipase, and hormone‑sensitive lipase.
a) For the given statements, identify which lipase best fits the description. If none of the lipases apply, choose "none of the lipases."
1. This enzyme hydrolyzes adipose triacylglycerols.
2. This enzyme requires bile salts for activity.
3. This enzyme is found in lysosomes.
4. This enzyme hydrolyzes serum triacylglycerols.
Answer:
The internal secretion sensitive enzyme concerned within the reaction of fatty triacylglycerol’s. Pancreatic gland enzyme concerned within the reaction of nutritional oil materials in the system alimentation coming back from nutrition and born-again into fatty acids and tangled in the unleash of digestive fluid salts into the internal organ. No accelerator initiate in lysosomes- no one of the lipases (presence of acid lipase in Lysosome) Pancreatic gland enzyme concerned within the reaction of body fluid triacylglycerol’s.Which of the following is an old-world of evolution and no longer valid?
Answer:
Where are the answers?
Explanation:
The surface of the villi in the small intestine is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells called enterocytes. Enterocytes absorb nutrients from the intestinal lumen as they move up the side of the villus. The enterocytes are shed from the end of the villus through apoptosis after 3 to 4 days. Consequently, new cells must be continuously supplied from the crypt and move up the villus. When a stem cell in the crypt divides, what are its immediate daughter cells
Answer:
either a stem cell or a specialized cell, such as an enterocyte
Which of the following is an old-world of evolution and no longer valid?
A.Fossils are merely rocks that have random shapes.
B. The earth is billions of years old.
C. Humans are related to all life on earth.
D.Populations evolve over time through inherited genes.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Select the statements that accurately describe endocytosis.
a. The cell forms proteins that move substances into the cell against a concentration gradient.
b. The cell selectively filters small nutrients through specialized membrane pores.
c. The cell membrane pinches off to form an extracellular vesicle joined to the cell by filaments.
d. The cell membrane engulfs a particle in the cytoplasm and forms a vesicle around it.
e. The cell expends energy to transport materials into the cytosol.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
The cell membrane engulfs a particle in the cytoplasm and forms a vesicle around it. (d.)
Explanation:
Endocytosis is a type of active transport, where particles such as (large molecules, parts of cells, and even whole cells) are moved into cells.
The various types of endocytosis has a common feature of:
1. invagination of plasma membrane forming pockets around the target particle.
2. the pocket pinches off from original plasma membrane
3. forming a new intracellular vesicle containing the target particle.
The different types of endocytosis includes
a. pinocytosis (cell drinking): takes in extracellular fluids
b. phagocytosis (cell eating): large solid particles are taken in by cells
c. receptor-mediated endocytosis: here, receptor proteins on the cells surface, binds to complementary proteins on the surface of the target particles before endocytosis occurs.
Morgan crossed true breeding red eye (W+), Long leg (SL+) females with true breeding white eye (w), short leg (sl) males. F1 females from this cross were then backcrossed to true breeding white eye (w), short leg (sl) males.
From this cross the following flies were collected:
348 white eye (w), short leg (sl) flies
356 red eye (W+), Long Leg (SL+) flies
68 white eye (w), Long Leg (SL+) flies
55 red eye (W+), short leg (sl) flies
How far apart are the red eye and long leg genes on the X chromosome? (Display your answer in centimorgans, to 2 decimal places.
Answer:
The F1 parents is : W+ SL+/ w sl
The genetic distance is calculated by the(recombinat/total) × 100 = {(68+55) /(68+55+348+356) }×100= (133/837) ×100= 15.89 cM.
Here recombinat are lower in number and parental are greater in number.
15. 89 is the right answer.
-. What are the two steps involved in the creation of proteins? Define
each. Which step is the job of the ribosomes?
Answer:
Explanation:
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus.
I hope this helps! <3
(googles words, not mine)
Anaerobic respiration happens in muscle cells and yeast cells.
The equation describes anaerobic respiration in muscle cells.
glucose ---> lactic acid
How can you tell from the equation that this process is anaerobic?
would the answer just be no co2 is produced?
Answer:
Am I think Co 2 will not be released but rather Glucose will be released
Explanation:
This is because
C6H12O6>2C5H5OH+2Co2 + Energy
there fore glucose is produced
From the equation "glucose → lactic acid," we can infer that the process is anaerobic. One way to determine this is by the absence of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the equation.
Glucose is entirely oxidized to create carbon dioxide, water, and energy during aerobic respiration, which takes place in the presence of oxygen.
Yet, in anaerobic respiration, the lack of oxygen causes an incomplete breakdown of glucose, producing additional byproducts such lactic acid as a result.
Muscle cells have the ability to transition to anaerobic respiration in order to satisfy their energy needs when there is insufficient oxygen.
Muscle cells have the ability to engage in anaerobic respiration, which produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the cellular energy currency, by partly metabolizing glucose, during hard exercise or when oxygen supply is constrained.
During anaerobic respiration, lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, which can lead to exhaustion and pain.
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