Answer:
Trading blocks are groups of countries who form trade agreements between themselves. Trading blocks can include
Free trade areas – elimination of tariffs between economies in the trading block
Customs union – free trade area + a common external tariff with non-members
Economic union/Single market – Customs union + common rules and regulations.
Different types of trading blocks
free-trade-customs-union
Trading blocks have become increasingly influential for world trade.
They have advantages in enabling free trade between geographically close countries. This can lead to lower prices, increased export potential, higher growth, economies of scale and greater competition.
However, it can lead to compromise as countries pool economic sovereignty. Also, the move to free trade tends to create winners and losers – with some domestic industries losing out to lower-cost imports.
Examples of Global trading blocks
Free_Trade_Areas
Free trade areas
European Union – The most integrated trading block. The EU27 have free trade and common regulations and are part of a customs union.
NAFTA – North Atlantic Free Trade Association. A free trade area between Canada, US and Mexico
ASEAN Free Trade Area Free trade area in South East Asia founded 1992. Includes: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia.
SAFTA South Asia free trade area based around the Indian sub-continent. Includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Mercosur – a southern American trading block formed in 1991. Includes full members of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. With associate members including Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador. Developed from free trade area to become customs union.
African Union 55 countries of the continent of Africa. Created to forge closer political and economic ties. It has aspirations to become a free trade area.
Difference between free trade area and customs union
A customs union has a common external tariff on imports. This means that it doesn’t matter which country the imports enter – because all countries have the same import tariff. This means there doesn’t need to be internal checking on ‘Rules of origin‘. For example, if imports from Africa enter Spain then if goods travel across the border from Spain to France, there is no need to check whether goods are paying the correct import tariff – because the import tariffs are all the same.
A disadvantage of joining a customs union is that a country is not able to pursue its own independent trade deals. However, since trade deals are complicated and take several years, there is an advantage to negotiating trade deals as part of a regional trade block – rather than separate individual countries.
Advantages of trading blocks
Tariff removal leads to trade creation – lower prices for consumers and greater opportunity for exporters.
Increased trade enables increased specialisation – which gives benefits of economies of scale (lower average costs from increased output)
gravity-theory
Catch-up effects. Countries joining a rich trading block can benefit from inward investment and increased trade opportunities. Countries in Eastern Europe have made considerable progress in catching up with average income levels in Western Europe.
Gravity theory of trade suggests that trade with countries in close proximity is the most important due to lower transport and similar cultural and economic ties.
Gives small countries a greater say in global trade agreements
Increased competition. The removal of tariffs creates greater choice for consumers. Therefore domestic firms have a greater incentive to cut costs to remain competitive.
Disadvantages of trading blocks
Joining a customs union may lead to increased import tariffs – which leads to trade diversion. For example, when the UK joined the EEC customs union, it required higher import tariffs on imports from former Commonwealth countries. This led to switch in demand towards higher-cost European countries and caused loss of business for Commonwealth countries
Increased interdependence on economic performance in other countries in trading block. If Eurozone goes into recession, it will affect all countries in the Eurozone. However, this is almost inevitable even if countries are not formally in a trading block due to a close relationship between trade cycles in different countries.
ICOT Industries issued 28 million of its $1 par common shares for $492 million on April 11. Legal, promotional, and accounting services necessary to effect the sale cost $3 million. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the issuance of the shares. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).)
Answer:
Dr Cash $492
Cr Common stock $28
Cr PIC in excess of par 464
Dr PIC in excess of par $3
Cr Cash $3
Explanation:
Preparation of the Journal entry to record the issuance of the shares
Based on the information given we were told that the Industries issued 28 million of its $1 par common shares for the amount of $492 million on April 11 which means that the Journal entry will be:
Dr Cash $492
Cr Common stock $28
(28 million x $1)
Cr PIC in excess of par 464
($492-$28)
(To record the sale of the stock)
Based on the information given we were told that the Industries had Legal, promotional, and accounting services necessary to effect the sale cost of the amount of $3 million which means that the Journal entry will be:
Dr PIC in excess of par $3
Cr Cash $3
(To record the stock issue costs)
The Matterhorn Corporation is trying to choose between the following two mutually exclusive design projects:
Year Cash Flow (I) Cash Flow (II)
0 –$87,000 –$55,000
1 36,900 11,700
2 47,000 34,500
3 27,000 28,500
Requirement 1:
(a) If the required return is 10 percent, what is the profitability index for each project? (Do not round intermediate calculations). Round your answers to 3 decimal places.
(b) If the required return is 10 percent and the company applies the profitability index decision rule, which project should the firm accept?
Requirement 2:
(a) If the required return is 10 percent, what is the NPV for each project? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places .
Answer:
PI for the first project = 1 + ($5,673.93 / 87,000) = 1.065
PI for the second project = 1 + ($5,561.23 / $55,000) = 1.101
b. the second project should be chosen because the PI is higher
NPV for 1 = $5,673.93
NPV for 2 = $5,561.23
Explanation:
profitability index = 1 + (NPV / Initial investment)
Net present value is the present value of after tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator
for the first project
Cash flow in year 0 = –$87,000
Cash flow in year 1 = 36,900
Cash flow in year 2 = 47,000
Cash flow in year 3 = 27,000
I = 10%
NPV = $5,673.93
for the second project
Cash flow in year 0 = –$55,000
Cash flow in year 1 = 11,700
Cash flow in year 2 = 34,500
Cash flow in year 3 = 28,500
I = 10%
NPV = $5,561.23
PI for the first project = 1 + ($5,673.93 / 87,000) = 1.065
PI for the second project = 1 + ($5,561.23 / $55,000) = 1.101
b. the second project should be chosen because the PI is higher
To find the NPV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
Ms. Ray is age 46 and single. Her employer made a $2,730 contribution to her qualified profit-sharing plan account, and she made the maximum contribution to her traditional IRA. Compute her IRA deduction if:
a. Ms. Ray's $50,000 salary is her only income item.
b. Ms. Ray's S64,250 salary is her only income item.
c. Ms. Ray's $64,250 salary and S 7,970 dividend income are her only income items.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
John is considering purchasing a commercial building. His accountant is working with him to determine the property’s value to John. The initial cost of an investment property plus the cost of any additional improvements less qualified deductions represents the:
Answer:
Adjusted basis
Explanation:
Adjusted basis in accounting is used to calculate the net value of an asset. This is done by reducing depreciation deductions from the original value and adding capital expenses like cost of improvement.
This method is best used when there is need to get accurate gain and loss records, and for tax purposes.
In the given scenario John's accountant is using the adjusted basis when he calculates initial cost of an investment property plus the cost of any additional improvements less qualified deductions
Quantitative Problem 1: Hubbard Industries just paid a common dividend, D0, of $1.50. It expects to grow at a constant rate of 2% per year. If investors require a 8% return on equity, what is the current price of Hubbard's common stock? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ per share
Answer:
The current price of Hubbard's common stock is $25.50.
Explanation:
This can be calculated using the Gordon growth model (GGM) formula that assumes growth is dividend will be constant as follows:
P = D1/(r - g) ............................ (1)
Where,
P = Current stock price = ?
D1 = Next dividend = D0 * (1 + g) = $1.50 * (1 + 2%) = $1.53
r = required return = 8%, or 0.08
g = growth rate = 2%, or 0.02
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
P = $1.53 / (0.08 - 0.02) = $25.50
Therefore, the current price of Hubbard's common stock is $25.50.
a. What were HCA's liabilities-to-assets ratios and times-interest-earned ratios in the years 2005 through 2009?
b. What percentage decline in EBIT could HCA have suffered each year between 2005 and 2009 before the company would have been unable to make interest payments out of operating earnings, where operating earnings is defined as EBIT?
c. How volatile have HCA's cash flows been over the period 2005 - 2009?
d. Calculate HCA's return on invested capital (ROIC) in the years 2005 - 2009.
HCA INC
ANNUAL INCOME STATEMENT
($ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE)
Dec09 Dec08 Dec07 Dec06 Dec05
Sales $ 30,052 $ 28,374 $ 26,858 $ 25,477 $ 24,455
Cost of Goods Sold 24,826 24,023 22,480 21,448 20,391
Gross Profit 5,226 4,351 4,378 4,029 4,064
Depreciation 1,425 1,416 1,426 1,391 1,374
Operating Profit 3,801 2,935 2,952 2,638 2,690
Interest Expense 1,987 2,021 2,215 955 655
Non-Operating Income/Expense 188 256 661 179 412
Pretax Income 2,002 1,170 1,398 1,862 2,327
Total Income Taxes 627 268 316 625 725
Minority Interest 321 229 208 201 178
Net Income $ 1,054 $ 673 $ 874 $ 1,036 $ 1,424
ANNUAL BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS Dec09 Dec08 Dec07 Dec06 Dec05
Cash & Equivalents $ 312 $ 465 $ 393 $ 634 $ 336
Net Receivables 3,692 3,780 3,895 3,705 3,332
Inventories 802 737 710 669 616
Other Current Assets 1,771 1,319 1,207 1,070 931
Total Current Assets 6,577 6,301 6,205 6,078 5,215
Gross Plant, Property & Equipment 24,669 23,714 22,579 21,907 20,818
Accumulated Depreciation 13,242 12,185 11,137 10,238 9,439
Net Plant, Property & Equipment 11,427 11,529 11,442 11,669 11,379
Investments at Equity 853 842 688 679 627
Other Investments 1,166 1,422 1,669 1,886 2,134
Intangibles 2,577 2,580 2,629 2,601 2,626
Deferred Charges 418 458 539 614 85
Other Assets 1,113 1,148 853 148 159
TOTAL ASSETS 24,131 24,280 24,025 23,675 22,225
LIABILITIES
Long Term Debt Due In One Year 846 404 308 293 586
Accounts Payable 1,460 1,370 1,370 1,415 1,484
Taxes Payable - 224 190 - -
Accrued Expenses 2,007 1,912 1,981 1,868 1,825
Total Current Liabilities 4,313 3,910 3,849 3,576 3,895
Long Term Debt 24,824 26,585 27,000 28,115 9,889
Deferred Taxes - - - 390 830
Minority Interest 1,008 995 938 907 828
Other Liabilities 2,825 2,890 2,612 1,936 1,920
TOTAL LIABILITIES 32,970 34,380 34,399 34,924 17,362
Preferred Stock 147 155 164 125 -
Common Stock 1 1 1 1 4
Capital Surplus 226 165 112 - -
Retained Earnings (9,213) (10,421) (10,651) (11,375) 4,859
Common Equity (8,986) (10,255) (10,538) (11,374) 4,863
TOTAL EQUITY (8,839) (10,100) (10,374) (11,249) 4,863
TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY $ 24,131 $ 24,280 $ 24,025 $ 23,675 $ 22,225
Answer:
HCA
a. HCA's Liabilities-to-assets ratios and times-interest-earned ratios in the years 2005 through 2009:
1. Liabilities-to-assets ratios = Total liabilities/Total Assets
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
136.63% 141.60% 143.18% 147.51% 78.12%
2. Times-interest-earned ratios = EBIT/Interest Expense
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
1.91 times 1.45 times 1.33 times 2.76 times 4.11 times
b. The percentage decline in EBIT that HCA could have suffered each year between 2005 and 2009 to make it unable to make interest payments out its operating earnings, where operating earnings is defined as EBIT:
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
191% 145% 133% 276% 411%
c. The volatility of HCA's cash flows over the period 2005 to 2009:
The standard deviation of the cash flows (cash and cash equivalents) is 115, showing that there is so much volatility in the cash flows.
d. HCA's return on invested capital (ROIC) in the years 2005 - 2009:
= Net Income - Dividend / Total Liabilities + Equity x 100
ROIC = 4.37% 2.77% 3.64% 4.38% 6.41%
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
HCA INC
ANNUAL INCOME STATEMENT
($ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE)
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Sales $ 30,052 $ 28,374 $ 26,858 $ 25,477 $ 24,455
Cost of Goods Sold 24,826 24,023 22,480 21,448 20,391
Gross Profit 5,226 4,351 4,378 4,029 4,064
Depreciation 1,425 1,416 1,426 1,391 1,374
Operating Profit 3,801 2,935 2,952 2,638 2,690
Interest Expense 1,987 2,021 2,215 955 655
Non-Operating
Income/Expense 188 256 661 179 412
Pretax Income 2,002 1,170 1,398 1,862 2,327
Total Income Taxes 627 268 316 625 725
Minority Interest 321 229 208 201 178
Net Income $ 1,054 $ 673 $ 874 $ 1,036 $ 1,424
ANNUAL BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Cash & Equivalents $ 312 $ 465 $ 393 $ 634 $ 336
Net Receivables 3,692 3,780 3,895 3,705 3,332
Inventories 802 737 710 669 616
Other Current
Assets 1,771 1,319 1,207 1,070 931
Total Current
Assets 6,577 6,301 6,205 6,078 5,215
Gross Plant, Property
& Equipment 24,669 23,714 22,579 21,907 20,818
Accumulated
Depreciation 13,242 12,185 11,137 10,238 9,439
Net Plant, Property
& Equipment 11,427 11,529 11,442 11,669 11,379
Investments
at Equity 853 842 688 679 627
Other Investments 1,166 1,422 1,669 1,886 2,134
Intangibles 2,577 2,580 2,629 2,601 2,626
Deferred Charges 418 458 539 614 85
Other Assets 1,113 1,148 853 148 159
TOTAL ASSETS 24,131 24,280 24,025 23,675 22,225
LIABILITIES
Long Term Debt Due
In One Year 846 404 308 293 586
Accounts
Payable 1,460 1,370 1,370 1,415 1,484
Taxes Payable - 224 190 - -
Accrued
Expenses 2,007 1,912 1,981 1,868 1,825
Total Current
Liabilities 4,313 3,910 3,849 3,576 3,895
Long Term
Debt 24,824 26,585 27,000 28,115 9,889
Deferred Taxes - - - 390 830
Minority
Interest 1,008 995 938 907 828
Other
Liabilities 2,825 2,890 2,612 1,936 1,920
TOTAL LIA-
BILITIES 32,970 34,380 34,399 34,924 17,362
Preferred
Stock 147 155 164 125 -
Common
Stock 1 1 1 1 4
Capital
Surplus 226 165 112 - -
Retained
Earnings (9,213) (10,421) (10,651) (11,375) 4,859
Common
Equity (8,986) (10,255) (10,538) (11,374) 4,863
TOTAL
EQUITY (8,839) (10,100) (10,374) (11,249) 4,863
TOTAL LIABILITIES &
EQUITY $24,131 $ 24,280 $ 24,025 $ 23,675 $ 22,225
ii) Liabilities-to-assets ratio:
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Liabilities 32,970 34,380 34,399 34,924 17,362
Assets 24,131 24,280 24,025 23,675 22,225
136.63% 141.60% 143.18% 147.51% 78.12%
iii) Times Interest Earned:
Operating Profit 3,801 2,935 2,952 2,638 2,690
Interest Expense 1,987 2,021 2,215 955 655
1.91 times 1.45 times 1.33 times 2.76 times 4.11 times
iv) Volatility: This is the degree of change of the cash flows, showing its tendency to change from one period to the other. As calculated, the volatility is very high, showing that the cash flows have higher risk of change. See below:
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Cash & Equivalents $ 312 $ 465 $ 393 $ 634 $ 336
Mean = $428
Deviation from mean -116 37 -35 206 -92
Squared deviation 13,456 1,369 1,225 42,436 8,464
Sum of squared deviation = 66,950
Mean = 13,390
Square root of mean or Standard Deviation = 115
v) Return on Invested Capital = Net Income/Total liabilities + Equity
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Net Income $ 1,054 $ 673 $ 874 $ 1,036 $ 1,424
TOTAL LIABILITIES &
EQUITY $24,131 $ 24,280 $ 24,025 $ 23,675 $ 22,225
ROIC = 4.37% 2.77% 3.64% 4.38% 6.41%
In 2019, Dan transferred 5-year property to Fleck Corp. in a tax-deferred Section 351 transaction. Fleck took Dan's adjusted basis in the property. Dan originally placed the depreciable property in service in 2017. What year of the depreciation schedule will Fleck use to depreciate the property
Answer:
The property will be depreciated using the remaining 3 years of its life after the tax-free incorporation transfer year. This is because Dan had already depreciated the property for 2 years before the transfer.
Explanation:
Sec. 351 allows a tax-free incorporation transfer if certain requirements are met, including that the property must be transferred to Fleck Corporation by Dan in exchange for stock in Fleck Corporation, and, immediately after the exchange, the Fleck Corporation is in control.
our parents have made you two offers. The first offer includes annual gifts of $5,000, $6,000, and $8,000 at the end of each of the next three years, respectively. The other offer is the payment of one lump sum amount today. You are trying to decide which offer to accept given the fact that your discount rate is 6.2 percent. What is the minimum amount that you will accept today if you are to select the lump sum offer? D) $17,709.48 C) $16,360.42 B) $16,407.78 E) $17,856.42 A) $16,707.06
Answer:
A) $16,707.06
Explanation:
The computation of the minimum amount is shown below:
Here we find the present value which is shown below:
(in dollars) (in dollars)
Year Cash flows Discount factor Present value
1 5000 0.9416195857 4708.098
2 6000 0.8866474442 5319.885
3 8000 0.834884599 6679.077
Total 16707.059
Choose some specific types of changes you would like to see happen in groups or organizations with which you are familiar. Imagine that you were to try to bring about these changes. What sources of resistance should you anticipate? How would you manage the resistance?
Answer:
Explanation:
Human are the source of resistance this include the staff, employees, employers and the team of the organization that is involved.
The resistance often come because of the fear of the outcome of the innovation or change and complacency with the current state.
Ability to Capture the passion needed and leverage on the position surrounding the change can reduces resistance among the people
Ability to get support of management, supervisors to advocate for the change helps reduce resistance.
Also, the reason for the change and its impact should be well communicated among the employees this help reduce resistance.
Garrod Smith is a master woodcarver and sole owner of "Smith Custom Doors, LLC." Which of the following advantages applies to his business form?
A. The business is not a taxable entity.B. The business is a separate legal entity from Garrod Smith.C. The business is not taxed as a corporation or sole proprietorship.D. The business makes Garrod liable for only half of the business' debt.
Answer: The business is not taxed as a corporation or sole proprietorship.
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Garrod Smith is a master woodcarver and sole owner of "Smith Custom Doors, LLC." The advantage that applies to his business form is that the business is not taxed as a corporation or a sole proprietorship.
You took out a mortgage for $300,000. You need to pay $2,730 every month for 15 years. what is the monthly interest rate
Answer:
491.4
Explanation:
15×12=180
2.730×180=491.4
changed its estimates to a total useful life of 5 years with a salvage value of $81000. What is 2021 depreciation expense?
Answer: $162,000
Explanation:
The depreciation expense for the first 3 years up till 2021 is;
= (Cost - Salvage value)/Useful life
= ( 579,000 - 57,000) / 9
= $58,000
In 2021, the Net book value was;
= 579,000 - ( 58,000 * 3)
= 579,000 - 174,000
= $405,000
Useful life has been changed to 5 years. 3 years have already elapsed left with 2.
New salvage value is $81,000.
= (NBV - Salvage Value) / Useful life
= (405,000 - 81,000) / 2
= $162,000
Bob sells a car to Fred but Bob fails to mention that he disconnected the odometer, which reads 39,000 miles. Bob disconnected the odometer 20,000 miles ago. Which of the following is TRUE?
a. duress.
b. undue influence.
c. puffery.
d. Fraud in the inducement.
e. none of the above.
Answer:
d. Fraud in the inducement.
Explanation:
In this scenario, there was Fraud in the inducement. Fraud refers to the wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain. Which in this case, by selling a car to Fred and claiming that it has 39,000 miles on (which it does not) they are deceiving Fred in order to make a sale. In doing so they are selling Fred a car that has 20,000 extra miles on it and possibly more internal damage than advertised by the Seller.
Seacrest Company has 15,000 shares of cumulative preferred 2% stock, $50 par and 50,000 shares of $5 par common stock. The following amounts were distributed as dividends:
Year 1 $30,000
Year 2 12,000
Year 3 45,000
Required:
Determine the dividends per share for preferred and common stock for each year.
Answer:
Cumulative Preferred Stock must always pay out Dividends and when they cannot, the amount unpaid will be accrued for payment to another year when it can be paid.
When Dividends are declared, Preference Shareholders are paid first and then common shareholders follow.
Year 1
Preference Shares = Number of shares * Par value * %
= 15,000 * 50 * 2%
= $15,000
Common Shareholders will get the rest;
= 30,000 - 15,000
= $15,000
Year 2.
Preference Shareholders are still due $15,000 however only $12,000 is available. They will take all of it and be owed $3,000.
Preference Shares, Year 2 = $12,000
Common Shareholders get nothing.
Year 3.
Preference Shareholders are owed $15,000 for the year. They are also owed $3,000 from the previous year.
Preference Shares = 15,000 + 3,000
= $18,000
Common Shareholders will get the remainder;
= 45,000 - 18,000
= $27,000
Which statement thanks respondent for their participation, describes how incentives are received, and reassures them of the confidentiality of their responses
Answer:
Closing statement
Explanation:
Hope it helped
A company purchases its inventory from suppliers on account. During the year, its inventory account increased by $17 million and its accounts payable to suppliers decreased by $5 million. If cost of goods sold was $520 million, its cash outflows to inventory suppliers totaled:
Answer: $542 million
Explanation:
The following can be gotten from the question:
The increase in inventory = $17 million
The decrease in the accounts payable = $5 million
The cost of goods sold = $520 million
Inventory Purchased = $520 million + $17 million = $537 million.
The cash outflows to inventory suppliers will be the inventory bought plus the decrease in the accounts payable. This will be:
= $537 million + $5 million
= $542 million
To arrive at an accurate balance on a bank reconciliation statement, a credit memorandum from the bank for the collection of a note and interest should be
Answer:
Must be added to the book balance.
Explanation:
The correct treatment would be to add this value to book balance because the bank has increased our bank balance by the note and interest amount. This must be accounted for as increase in the book balance because we have borrowed money and also that yearly interest income was also added to our bank checking account.
Hence it must be added to cash book balance in order to reconcile with the bank balance.
The monetary value of a homemaker's time CANNOT be estimated by
A. comparing the value of the services to the spouse's wage rate.
B. measuring the marginal value of the services by the homemaker's wage rate received in a part-time job.
C. measuring the services in terms of current market prices.
D. measuring the value of the services by looking at the homemaker's opportunity costs.
Answer: measuring the services in terms of current market prices
Explanation:
Based on the information that has been provided in the question, it should be noted that the monetary value of a homemaker's time can be estimated by
comparing the value of the services to the spouse's wage rate, measuring the marginal value of the services by the homemaker's wage rate received in a part-time job and also measuring the value of the services by looking at the homemaker's opportunity costs.
Therefore, the option that measuring the services in terms of current market prices is not estimated.
The GoT cups are a fast seller and you need to ensure that you have enough rolls of paper to fulfill demand. The first stage in the process is to determine the total cost of the current inventory ordering model. Given the following information, how many rolls should they order to minimize costs?H: $1.75 per unitD: 500 rolls per monthQ: 100 units ordered at a timeS: $25 per order
Answer:
EOQ = 414 rolls
Explanation:
In order to calculate the number of orders to minimize the cost, we should calculate that by using the Economic order quantity model.
DATA
Holding cost = $1.75/unit
Annual demand = 500 rolls x 12 = 6000 rolls
Ordering cost = $25
Formula
EOQ =[tex]\sqrt{\frac{2Cod}{Ch} }[/tex]
Where
Co = ordering cost
D = Annual demand
Ch = Holding cost
Solution
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2(6000)(25)}{1.75} }[/tex]
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{300000}{1.75} }[/tex]
EOQ = 414 rolls
They should order 414 rolls to minimize the cost.
Answer:
119 units
Explanation:
The economic order quantity is the minimum amount of inventory that a seller must keep to demand and lower the holding cost. The ordering cost is $25 per order. Holding cost is $1.75 per unit. The total demand is 500 units per month. The economic order quantity that will minimize the cost of the GoT cups is
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2*Demand*ordering cost}{Holding cost} }[/tex]
EOQ is 119 units.
Pomeroy Corporation owns an 80% interest in Sherer Company and a 90% interest in Tampa Company. On January 2, 2014, Tampa Company sold equipment with a book value of $548,400 to Sherer Company for $763,800. This equipment has a remaining useful life of three years. Sherer Company reported $105,800 and Tampa Company reported $161,100 in net income (including sales to affiliates) in 2014.
Required:
Prepare the 2014 and 2015 consolidated statements workpaper entries to eliminate the effects of this sale of equipment.
Answer:
Please see consolidated statement below
Explanation:
2014 Gain on sale of equipment A/c Dr $214,600
To equipment A/c Cr $214,000
(To eliminate equipment)
Accumulated depreciation A/c Dr $71,800
To depreciation expense A/c Cr $71,800
(To eliminate depreciation on equipment)
2015. Retained earnings beginnings- Pomeroy Company Dr $193,140
($214,600 × 90%)
Non controlling interest A/c Dr $21,460
($214,600 × 10%)
To equipment A/c Cr $214,600
(To eliminate equipment)
Accumulated depreciation A/c
Dr $143,600
To depreciation expenses A/c
Cr $71,800
To retained earnings beginning - Pomeroy A/c. Cr $64,620
($71,800 × 90%)
To non interest controlling A/c.
Cr $7,180
($71,800 × 10%)
(To eliminate depreciation)
Workings
Equipment cost = $548,400
Proceed from sale = $763,800
Gain/loss on sale of equipment = Equipment cost - Proceed from sale of equipment
= $548,400 - $763,000
= $214,600 Gain
This equipment has remaining useful life of 3 years
Depreciation on cost = $548,400 ÷ 3 years
=$182,800
Depreciation on sale amount = $763,800 ÷ 3 years
= $254,600
Excess depreciation = Difference of cost and sale of depreciation
= $182,800 - $254,600
= $71,800 Excess depreciation
The following information is available for the first month of operations of Diacox Inc., a manufacturer of sports apparel:
Sales $2,050,000
Gross profit 490,000
Indirect labor 152,000
Indirect materials 45,000
Other factory overhead 515,000
Materials purchased 801,000
Total manufacturing costs for the period 1,710,000
Materials inventory, end of period 36,800
Using the given information, determine the following:__________.
Cost of goods sold
Direct materials cost
Direct labor cost
Answer:
Cost of goods sold= $1,560,000
Direct material cost= $764,200
Direct labor= $233,800
Explanation:
(A) Cost of goods sold= Sales -gross profit
Sales= $2,050,000
Gross profit= $490,000
Therefore, the cost of goods sold can be calculated as follows
= $2,050,000-$490,000
= $1,560,000
(B) Direct materials cost= Materials purchased-materials inventory ending
Material purchased= $801,000
Material inventory ending= $36,800
Therefore, the direct material cost can be calculated as follows
= $801,000-$36,800
= $764,200
(C) Direct labor= Total manufacturing cost-direct material cost-manufacturing overhead
Total manufacturing cost= $1,710,000
Direct material cost= $764,200
Manufacturing overhead= indirect labor+indirect material+other factory overhead
$152,000+$45,000+$515,000
= $712,000
Therefore, the direct labor can be calculated as follows
= $1,710,000-$764,200-$712,000
= $233,800
BankMart Inc. recently issued bonds that mature in 9 years. They have a par value of $1,000 and an annual coupon of 3%. The current market interest rate is 8%.What should be the bond's price?
Answer:
Price of Bond = $687.66
Explanation:
The value of the bond is the present value(PV) of the future cash receipts expected from the bond. The value is equal to present values of interest payment plus the redemption value (RV).
Value of Bond = PV of interest + PV of RV
The value of bond for Bank Mart Inc can be worked out as follows:
Step 1
Calculate the PV of interest payments
Annual interest payment
= 3%× 1000 = 30
PV of interest payment
PV = A× (1- 1+r)^(-n)
A- 30, r- 8%, n- 9
30× ((1-1.08^(-9))/0.08)=187.41
Step 2
PV of redemption Value
PV = RV × (1+r)^(-n)
RV - 1000, r- 8%, n- 9
PV of RV = 1000 × 1.08^(-9) = 500.24
Step 3
Price of bond
Total PV = 187.41 + 500.24 = $687.66
Price of Bond = $687.66
Calculate the real deficit or surplus in the following cases: a. Inflation is 17 percent. Debt is $7 trillion. Nominal deficit is $820 billion.
Answer:
$370 Billion Surplus
Explanation:
We can find the real deficit by using the following formula:
Real Surplus / (Deficit) = Nominal Deficit – (Inflation * Total Debt)
Here,
Nominal Deficit is $820 Billions
Inflation is 17%
And
Total Debt is $7 Trillion
By putting values, we have:
Real Deficit = $820 Billions - (17% * $7,000 Billions)
= $370 Billion Surplus
Identify the type of cash flow activity for each of the following events (operating, investing, or financing): a. Redeemed bonds be. Issued preferred stock c. Paid cash dividends d. Net income e. Sold equipment f. Purchased treasury stock go. Purchased patents h. Purchased buildings i. Sold long-term investments j. Issued bonds k. Issued common stock
Answer is given below
Explanation:
type of cash flow activity
a. Redeemed bonds ---------------Fiancing
b Issued preferred stock -----------Fiancing
c. Paid cash dividends --------------Fiancing
d. Net income --------------------------Operating
e. Sold equipment --------------------Investing
f. Purchased treasury stock -------Fiancing
g. Purchased patents ----------------Investing
h. Purchased buildings -------------Investing
i. Sold long-term investments ----Investing
j. Issued bonds ------------------------Fiancing
k. Issued common stock -----------Fiancing
Radoski Corporation's bonds make an annual coupon interest payment of 7.35% every year. The bonds have a par value of $1,000, a current price of $1,470, and mature in 12 years. What is the yield to maturity on these bonds
Answer:
The answer is 2.71 percent
Explanation:
The interest payment is annually.
N(Number of periods) = 12 years
I/Y(Yield to maturity) = ?
PV(present value or market price) = $1,470
PMT( coupon payment) = $73.5 ( [7.35 percent x $1,000)
FV( Future value or par value) = $1,000.
We are using a Financial calculator for this.
N= 12; PV = -1470 ; PMT = 73.5; FV= $1,000; CPT I/Y= 2.71
Therefore, the Yield-to-maturity of the bond annually is 2.71 percent
Data related to the inventories of Costco Medical Supply are presented below: Surgical Equipment Surgical Supplies Rehab Equipment Rehab Supplies Selling price $ 276 $ 134 $ 354 $ 152 Cost 156 136 255 152 Costs to sell 17 17 16 7 In applying the lower of cost or net realizable value rule, the inventory of surgical supplies would be valued at:
Answer:
$117
Explanation:
Costco Medical Supply's merchandise inventory:
Surgical equip. Surgical supplies Rehab equip. Rehab supplies
Selling price $276 $134 $354 $152
Cost $156 $136 $255 $152
Cost to sell $17 $17 $16 $7
Net realizable V. $259 $117 $338 $145
If we apply the lower of cost or net realizable rule for determining the value of surgical supplies, its value would be: $117 < $136
When we use the lower of cost or net realizable rule, we should value our inventory at the lowest value between original purchase cost and current net realizable value of the products.
Which of the following do you NOT include when calculating the closing balance of PP&E?
a) Cash capital expenditures
b) PP&E acquired through acquisitions
c) PP&E acquired under capital or financing leases
d) Changes in working capital
Answer:
d) Changes in working capital
Explanation:
the formula used for calculating net PP&E is:
Net PP&E = gross PP&E + capital expenditures - accumulated depreciation
PP&E represents fixed assets (plant, property, and equipment).
On the other hand, working capital involves current assets and liabilities such as cash, accounts receivables, accounts payable, inventories, taxes payable, etc.
Kenton and Denton Universities offer executive training courses to corporate clients. Kenton pays its instructors $6,405 per course taught. Denton pays its instructors $305 per student enrolled in the class. Both universities charge executives a $349 tuition fee per course attended.
A. Prepare income statements tor Kenton and Lenton, assuming that 21 students athend a course.
B. Kenton University embark on a strategy to entice students from Denton University by lowering its tuition to $240 per course. Prepare an income statement for Kenton assuming that the university is successful and enrolls 40 students in its course.
C. Denton University embarks on a strategy to entice students from Kenton University by lowering its tuition to $240 per course. Prepare an income statement for Denton, assuming that the university is successful and enrolls 40 students in its course.
D. Prepare income statements for Kenton and Denton Universities, assuming that 10 students attend a course, and assuming that both universities charge executives a $450 tuition fee per course attended.
Answer:
Kenton and Denton Universities
A. Income Statements
Kenton Denton
Tuition Revenue $7,329 $7,329
Instructors' Salaries 6,405 6,405
Net Income $924 $924
B. Kenton University embark on a strategy to entice students from Denton University by lowering its tuition to $240 per course.
Income Statement for Kenton University:
Tuition Revenue $9,600
Instructors' Salaries 6,405
Net Income $3,195
C. Denton University embarks on a strategy to entice students from Kenton University by lowering its tuition to $240 per course.
Income Statement for Denton University:
Tuition Revenue $9,600
Instructors' Salaries 12,200
Net Income (Loss) ($2,600)
D. Income Statement for Kenton and Denton Universities:
Kenton Denton
Tuition Revenue $4,500 $4,500
Instructors' Salaries 6,405 3,050
Net Income/(Loss) ($1,905) $1,450
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Kenton University:
Salaries to instructors per course = $6,405
Tuition fee per course = $349
Denton University:
Salaries to instructors per student = $305
Tuition fee per course = $349
b) Kenton and Denton Universities' costs are determined by their nature based on whether they are fixed or variable. These costs also determine the level of net income to be recorded by each university.
A firm has net working capital of $2,715, net fixed assets of $22,407, sales of $31,350, and current liabilities of $3,908. How many dollars' worth of sales are generated from every $1 in total assets
Answer:
So, from every $1 of total assets, $1.08 worth of sales are generated.
Explanation:
To calculate how many dollars worth of sales are generated by $1 of total assets, we use the total assets turnover ratio. It is an accounting measure that measures the efficiency of the company's assets in generating sales. It calculates the dollar values of sales generated by each $1 of total assets. The formula for total assets turnover is,
Total Assets Turnover = Sales / Average Total Assets
We already know the level of sales. We need to determine the value of total assets first.
Total Assets = Fixed assets + Current Assets
As we know that net working capital = current assets - current liabilities,
So, the current assets are,
2715 = Current assets - 3908
2715 + 3908 = Current assets
Current assets = $6623
Total assets = 6623 + 22407
Total assets = $29030
Total Assets Turnover = 31350 / 29030
Total assets turnover = 1.0799 rounded off to 1.08
So, from every $1 of total assets, $1.08 worth of sales are generated.
Elaine takes out a $100,000 mortgage on December 1, 1997. Elaine will repay the mortgage over 20 years with level monthly payments at an effective annual interest rate of 8%. The first payment is due January 1, 1998. After making her 120th payment, Elaine does not make any new payments for the entire next year. Elaine starts making revised monthly payments, of amount P, beginning January 1, 2009. The amount P is such that Elaine will pay off the loan in the original, 20-year term—that is to say, her last payment will be due December 1, 2017. Determine P.
Answer:
I prepared an amortization schedule using an excel spreadsheet. The original monthly payment was $836.44. After the 120th payment, the remaining principal balance was $68,940.64. Since she didn't pay anything for 1 year, the new principal balance will be $68,940.64 x (1 + 8%) = $74,455.89
I prepared another amortization schedule for the remaining 9 years, and the monthly payment is $969.32. She will pay off the loan in 108 months.
